On d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131nda ve ilk\u00f6\u011fretimi tamamlamam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 kanunen yasak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 1999 D\u0130E verilerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye’de 6-14 ya\u015f grubu aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 511 bin \u00e7ocuk var. \u00c7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7iler konusu Ankara’n\u0131n g\u00fcndeminde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bekleyen bir sorun olarak duruyor.<\/p>\n
Resmi veriler dokuz sene \u00f6ncesine ait<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyon 850 bin \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7i var. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ocuklarla ilgili son geni\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rma D\u0130E’nin 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7ocuk \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc Anketi.<\/p>\n D\u0130E’nin 1999 verilerine g\u00f6re 6-14 ya\u015f grubunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 511.000 . \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n Haziran 2004’te a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rakamlara g\u00f6re ise 12-14 ya\u015f grubunda kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ocuk say\u0131s\u0131 469.000 . Bu rakamlar 14 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 kanunen yasak olan ya\u015f gruplar\u0131na ait. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ve say\u0131lar\u0131 resmi istatistiklere yans\u0131mayan \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7iler ise buz da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gizli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n Sekiz y\u0131ll\u0131k mecburi e\u011fitimin \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fine ektileri<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn \u00c7ocuk Eme\u011finin Sona Erdirilmesi Uluslararas\u0131 Program\u0131’na imza koyan ilk 6 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. 1992 y\u0131l\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze katedilen yolun en keskin viraj\u0131 mecburi e\u011fitimin 8 y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6steriliyor. Bu uygulama \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi konusunda somut fark yaratan en kritik geli\u015fme.<\/p>\n Yetkililer 8 y\u0131ll\u0131k mebcuri e\u011fitimin \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tatmin etse de net rakam veremiyor. D\u0130E’nin 1994-1999 verileri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1997’de 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k mebcuri e\u011fitimin 8 y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ile birlikte \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 50 azalma tespit edilmektedir.<\/p>\n Rakamlar 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan oran\u0131n\u0131n % 8.54 iken 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve % 4.24’e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n Mevzuat AB normlar\u0131na elveri\u015fli<\/strong><\/p>\n Avrupa Birli\u011fi m\u00fczakerelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclecek ba\u015fl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda yer alan \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi ile ilgili mevzuat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamland\u0131. AB normlar\u0131na elveri\u015fli hale getirilen \u00c7ocuk ve Gen\u00e7 \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma Usul ve Esaslar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik 06.04.2004 tarihinde resmi gazetede yay\u0131nlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi.<\/p>\n AB’ye uyumlu yepyeni mevzuata g\u00f6re:<\/strong><\/p>\n 18 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki fertler \u00e7ocuk olarak kabul ediliyor.<\/p>\n 14 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131nda ve ilk\u00f6\u011fretimi tamamlamam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yasak.<\/p>\n 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda ilk\u00f6\u011fretimi tamamlam\u0131\u015f ve 15 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f olanlar “\u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7i” olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n 15 ve 18 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ise “gen\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i” olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Y\u00f6netmelik bu gruplar i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri belirtiyor. Buna g\u00f6re; okula devam eden \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim d\u00f6nemindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreleri, e\u011fitim saatleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere en \u00e7ok g\u00fcnde iki saat, haftada on saat. Okula devam eden \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okulun kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde g\u00fcnde en fazla 7 saat haftada ise 35 saat; 15 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015f ve okula gitmeyen \u00e7ocuklar g\u00fcnde en \u00e7ok 8 saat haftada 40 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirler.<\/p>\n Y\u00f6netmelikteki \u015fartlar AB mevzuatlar\u0131na uyumlu, ancak y\u00f6netmelikteki ko\u015fullar hen\u00fcz ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde. Kanunlar tamirhaneler at\u00f6lyelere ve \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ilerin hayat\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" On d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131nda ve ilk\u00f6\u011fretimi tamamlamam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 kanunen yasak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 1999 D\u0130E<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":431,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":303,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102\/revisions\/303"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}