{"id":110,"date":"2013-01-12T13:04:06","date_gmt":"2013-01-12T11:04:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2013\/01\/12\/grizu-patlamalari\/"},"modified":"2020-10-10T09:46:14","modified_gmt":"2020-10-10T06:46:14","slug":"grizu-patlamalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2013\/01\/12\/grizu-patlamalari\/","title":{"rendered":"Grizu Patlamalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yeralt\u0131 maden ocaklar\u0131nda hava gazlar\u0131n, tozlar\u0131n ve buharlar\u0131n bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Atmosferik hava ve at\u0131k gazlara ek olarak zehirli ve parlay\u0131a \/patlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zellikteki gazlar&#8217; da i\u00e7erebilir. Maden havas\u0131ndaki kirleticilerin miktar\u0131, madenin \u00e7e\u015fidi, \u00fcretim metodu, havaland\u0131rma sistemi, mekanizasyon ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6rle do\u011frudan ilgilidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumak, ortama yay\u0131lan parlay\u0131a ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 gazlar&#8217; d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atmak veya drene etmek i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Madenlerde kaza sonucu en fazla \u00f6l\u00fcm, metan (grizu) patlamalar\u0131 nedeniyle ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Tutu\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 650-750 OC olan metan\u0131n 1 kilogram\u0131n\u0131n yanmas\u0131 neticesinde 13300 Kcal \u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r ki; bu oran 1.kg barutta 580 Kcal&#8217; dir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Metan yeralt\u0131 maden i\u015fletmelerinde \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fekilde maden havas\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fabilir: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kaz\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortama metan yay\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Metan bo\u015falmas\u0131 (ar\u0131ndan ortama metan yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131),<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ani metan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 (degaj).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6m\u00fcr aynas\u0131ndan, makine taraf\u0131ndan kaz\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcrden ve konvey\u00f6rde ta\u015f\u0131nan k\u00f6m\u00fcrden de metan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenebilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Metan; haz\u0131rl\u0131k s\u00fcresinde a\u00e7\u0131lan ba\u015f yukar\u0131larda, k\u00f6r bacalarda, ayak arkalar\u0131nda, jeolojik olarak kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit olmayan alanlardaki tavan bo\u015fluklar\u0131nda, panoyla tavan yolunun kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131nda olu\u015fan bo\u015fluklarda ve baraj arkalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Metan patlamas\u0131 yeterli miktarda oksijenin (% 12 den y\u00fcksek), patlay\u0131c\u0131 gaz\u0131n CH4 (\u00b0\/0 4-15)bir araya gelmesi ve bir tutu\u015fturucu kayna\u011f\u0131 ile temas\u0131 sonucunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Tutu\u015fma kaynaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ate\u015f, fazla \u0131s\u0131nan y\u00fczeyler, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme veya elektrik ile olu\u015fan k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar ve patlay\u0131c\u0131lar olabilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Patlama s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortam\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011f&#8217;ine g\u00f6re s\u0131cakl\u0131k 1850-2650 OC&#8217;ye ula\u015f\u0131rken patlama sonras\u0131nda bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava dalgas\u0131 ve alev dalgas\u0131 etkili olur, alev dalgas\u0131 ikincil ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl patlamalara neden olabilir. Metan patlad\u0131ktan sonra patlama noktas\u0131nda y\u00fcksek bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 kuvveti ile &#8220;ileri \u015fok&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan hava dalgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Patlama noktas\u0131ndaki gazlann so\u011fumas\u0131 ve su buhar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011f&#8217;unla\u015fmas\u0131 neticesinde d\u00fc\u015fen bas\u0131n\u00e7 etkisi ile &#8220;ters \u015fok&#8221; isimli ikincil bir etki olu\u015fur bu ters \u015fok ileri \u015foktan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kuvvetli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen daha fazla y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkiye sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Grizu patlamas\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda kalkan k\u00f6m\u00fcr tozu da patlayabilmekte ve meydana gelen kazan\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 daha da vahim olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Grizu Patlamas\u0131 ile m\u00fccadele \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famada yap\u0131labilir: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Metan birikiminin \u00f6nlenmesi,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Biriken metan\u0131n alev almas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Patlaman\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Metan birikiminin \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in; <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Metan\u0131n drenaj ile \u00f6nceden tahliyesi tercih edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Grizulu madenlerde do\u011fal havaland\u0131rma yerine mekanik havaland\u0131rma yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ortamdaki metan\u0131n tahliyesini sa\u011flamaya yeterli havan\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fine imk\u00e2n verecek kesitte taban, tavan yollar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aynalann havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda temiz hava kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131nda havaland\u0131rma do\u011fal havaland\u0131rma ile ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve ters havaland\u0131rmadan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Maden, i\u00e7erideki havan\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde emici fanla havaland\u0131nlmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tali havaland\u0131rma yaln\u0131zca haz\u0131rl\u0131k i\u015flerinde uygulanmal\u0131, \u00fcretim panolar\u0131 ana havaland\u0131rma sistemine ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Havaland\u0131rma kap\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn ve sa\u011flam \u015fekilde kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hava ka\u00e7aklar\u0131 minimum seviyeye indirilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sistematik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerle havaland\u0131rma ve gaz emisyonu takip edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in; <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Havaland\u0131rma ve gaz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in kay\u0131t defterleri ve sistematik planlar bulunmal\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcncellenmelidir.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Periyodik hava \u00f6rnekleri al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve analizleri yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Havaland\u0131rma ve gaz detekt\u00f6rlerinin kalibrasyonu takip edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gaz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ve havaland\u0131rma i\u00e7in \u00f6zel nitelikli personel bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Biriken metan\u0131n alev almas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi i\u00e7in; <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yeralt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k alev, kibrit veya sigara kesinlikle bulundurulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ayd\u0131nlanma i\u00e7in ak\u00fcl\u00fc lambalar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Elektrikli ekipmanlan alev-s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Patlaman\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in; <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Maden m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en fazla say\u0131da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z havaland\u0131rma b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine ayr\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Grizu patlamas\u0131n\u0131 takiben olu\u015fabilecek toz patlamalar\u0131 engellenmelidir.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kal\u0131c\u0131 ve kolay ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r kurtarma birimi olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yeralt\u0131 maden ocaklar\u0131nda hava gazlar\u0131n, tozlar\u0131n ve buharlar\u0131n bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Atmosferik hava ve at\u0131k gazlara<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":428,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":309,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110\/revisions\/309"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/428"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}