{"id":111,"date":"2013-01-12T13:14:49","date_gmt":"2013-01-12T11:14:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2013\/01\/12\/madenlerde-tozla-mucadele\/"},"modified":"2020-10-10T09:46:08","modified_gmt":"2020-10-10T06:46:08","slug":"madenlerde-tozla-mucadele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2013\/01\/12\/madenlerde-tozla-mucadele\/","title":{"rendered":"Madenlerde Tozla M\u00fccadele"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tozlar; k\u0131rma, \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme, patlatma, delme gibi mekanik i\u015flemler sonucunda kat\u0131 maddelerin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki taneciklerdir. Tozlar\u0131n, teknik \u00f6nlemlerle ortamdan uzakla\u015fbr\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir tehlike kayna\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Bu sorun, madencilik, ta\u015f oca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fletmecili\u011fi, \u00fcretimde asbest kullan\u0131lan i\u015fyerleri, seramik, d\u00f6k\u00fcm gibi end\u00fcstriler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok i\u015f kolunda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine olumsuz etkileri olan tozlar zararl\u0131 etkilerine g\u00f6re \u015fu \u015fekilde grupland\u0131r\u0131labilir:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fibrojenik tozlar<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kanserojen tozlar<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Toksik tozlar<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Radyoaktif tozlar<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ale\u0131jiye neden olan tozlar<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130nert tozlar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar toza ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tozun kimyasal yap\u0131s\u0131 ile kesin olarak ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.Madencilik toz sorununun ve toza ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n en fazla ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f koludur. \u00d6zellikle yeralt\u0131 madenlerinde yap\u0131lan hemen hemen t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda toz olu\u015fmas\u0131 veya olu\u015fan tozun \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle havalanmas\u0131 sonucu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar bu sorunla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca artan mekanizasyonla birlikte toz olu\u015fumu da artabilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Toz Kaynaklar\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Madenlerde toz olu\u015fumuna neden olan kaynaklar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Delik delme i\u015fleri,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde kullan\u0131lan i\u015fler,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ate\u015flemeden sonra gev\u015fetilen malzemenin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00dcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda kaz\u0131c\u0131 ve kesici makinelerle yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">K\u0131rma i\u015fleri,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tamburlar\u0131n s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesi,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Malzemelerin doldurulmas\u0131 veya bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fleri,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kaz\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan bo\u015fluklar\u0131n doldurulmas\u0131(\u00f6zellikle pn\u00f6matik ramble),<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Eski ocaklarda g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fck veya tavan akmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Patlamalar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr tozu patlamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tedbir almak amac\u0131yla ta\u015f tozu kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Y\u00fcksek tavan bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile aynan\u0131n veya topuklar\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Galeri kesitinin geni\u015fletilmesi (tarama),<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tahkimat yap\u0131m\u0131,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fckler,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nakliyat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yukar\u0131da belirtilen kaynaklardan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131na yay\u0131lan toz, hava ak\u0131m\u0131 ile ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve \u00f6zellikle hava ak\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n az oldu\u011fu yerlerde, tahkimat aralar\u0131nda, tabanda, galeri aynas\u0131nda ve tavan bo\u015fluklar\u0131nda birikir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Toz Olu\u015fumunu Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00dcretimi yap\u0131lan cevherin \u00f6zellikleri,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Maden yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n durumu (dik damarlardaki \u00fcretimde di\u011ferlerine oranla daha \u00e7ok toz olu\u015fur),<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00dcretim metodu,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00dcretimdeki gev\u015fetme tekni\u011fi (el ile, makine ile,bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su yard\u0131m\u0131yla, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 gaz ile veya ate\u015fleme ile),<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Doldurma veya bo\u015faltma y\u00f6ntemi,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nakliyat sistemi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Tozla M\u00fccadele ve Korunma Y\u00f6ntemleri <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tozla m\u00fccadele \u015fu y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r:\u00a0Toz kayna\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nlenmeli veya ortama yay\u0131lmadan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bunun i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki uygulamalar yap\u0131labilir;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sulu delik delme,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aynalar\u0131n su ile doyurulmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Su barajl\u0131 ate\u015flemeler,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nakliyatta tozun suyla bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Su ile tozun ba\u011flanmas\u0131 genellikle kuru tozla m\u00fccadele metotlar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha etkili ve g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011fundan sulu y\u00f6ntemler tercih edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Olu\u015fan tozun zararlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in uygun havaland\u0131rma \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Toz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131na yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ortam havas\u0131ndaki yo\u011funlu\u011fu azalt\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kullan\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6ntemi ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin fiziki faaliyetleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun temiz hava sa\u011flanmal\u0131 ve bu durumun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli havaland\u0131rma yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. &#8220;Uygulanan sistem i\u015f\u00e7ilerin risk alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek etldnlikte olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tozun kayna\u011f&#8217;\u0131nda yok etmek ve ortamdan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemlerin yeterli gelemeyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek bireysel korunma amac\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara ortamdaki tozun niteli\u011fine uygun Ki\u015fisel Koruyucu Donan\u0131mlar\u0131n verilmesi ve kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 tozun meydana getirece\u011fi olumsuz etkilerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli olacakt\u0131r.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tozlar; k\u0131rma, \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme, patlatma, delme gibi mekanik i\u015flemler sonucunda kat\u0131 maddelerin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":429,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":310,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111\/revisions\/310"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/429"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}