K\u00fcresel ekonomik ve finansal krizin\u00a0etkisinin toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n her\u00a0alan\u0131nda kendisini ciddi bi\u00e7imde hissettirdi\u011fi\u00a0b\u00f6ylesi bir d\u00f6nemde, istihdam ve artan\u00a0i\u015fsizlik en temel sorunlardan birisi olarak\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fsizli\u011fin, T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in\u00a0son \u015eubat 2009 verileriyle %16,1\u2019i\u00a0buldu\u011fu ve buna kar\u015f\u0131n T\u0130SK\u2019in verilerine\u00a0g\u00f6re ise %21\u2019leri zorlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00a0tablodan en \u00e7ok etkilenecek kesimlerin\u00a0ba\u015f\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar gelmektedir. N\u00fcfus oranlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0kad\u0131nlar ile erkekler aras\u0131nda e\u015fitlendi\u011fi\u00a0\u00fclkemizde, maalesef, benzer bir\u00a0e\u015fitli\u011fi i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131nda g\u00f6rememekteyiz.\u00a0Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne\u00a0kat\u0131lma oran\u0131 %23,5 iken istihdam oran\u0131\u00a0sadece %19,8\u2019dir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, bug\u00fcn\u00a0\u00fclkemizde sadece her d\u00f6rt kad\u0131ndan\u00a0biri i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na kat\u0131lmakta ve sadece\u00a0her be\u015f kad\u0131ndan biri istihdam edilmektedir.\u00a0Kad\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na\u00a0ili\u015fkin bu oranlar, Cumhuriyet tarihimizin\u00a0en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyesidir. 1970\u2019lerde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u00a0i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 %70\u2019lerdeyken,\u00a0bu oran 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda %34,5\u2019e ve 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0ise %23,5\u2019e kadar d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr . Oysa\u00a0d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerine ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerine\u00a0bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131\u00a0bir manzara \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya\u00a0ortalamas\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m\u00a0oran\u0131 %52,5 ve benzer \u015fekilde de Avrupa\u00a0Birli\u011fi ve geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde de bu\u00a0oran %52,6\u2019d\u0131r . Bununla birlikte 2000\u00a0Lizbon Zirvesi\u2019nde al\u0131nan kararlar do\u011frultusunda,\u00a0AB \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda kad\u0131n istihdam\u00a0oran\u0131n\u0131n 2010 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar %60\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0hedeflenmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda ve istihdam\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan\u00a0bu vahim manzaran\u0131n gerisinde farkl\u0131;\u00a0ama birbiriyle kesi\u015fen pek \u00e7ok neden bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Bu nedenledir ki kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131\u00a0sadece ekonomik bir sorun de\u011fil,\u00a0toplumsal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyasal imalar\u0131 olan\u00a0da bir sorundur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00a0i\u00e7in ekonomik, siyasal, toplumsal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel\u00a0etmenlerin bir arada de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi\u00a0tutarl\u0131 politika ve programlara ihtiya\u00e7\u00a0vard\u0131r. Toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u00a0ve bu i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde \u015fekillenen\u00a0toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kad\u0131nlar,\u00a0i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131nda giderek daha az\u00a0yer almaktad\u0131rlar. Kad\u0131n\u0131n yeg\u00e2ne rol\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00a0ev i\u015fleri, \u00e7ocuk ya da hasta bak\u0131m\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131;\u00a0kad\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 cinsiyet\u00e7i bak\u0131\u015f\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n her alanda kendisini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi;\u00a0\u00e7ocuk ve hasta bak\u0131m hizmetlerinin kamu\u00a0hizmetleri yoluyla yeterince sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n her d\u00fczeydeki e\u011fitim\u00a0olana\u011f\u0131ndan erkeklerle e\u015fit d\u00fczeyde yararlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0bir ortamda, kad\u0131nlar ya i\u015f\u00a0g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde ad\u0131m atamamakta\u00a0ya da vas\u0131fs\u0131z, sosyal g\u00fcvenceden\u00a0ve sendikal haklardan yoksun olarak g\u00fcvencesiz\u00a0i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131 konusundaki bu sorunlar\u0131\u00a0a\u015fmak \u00fczere at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar da bulunuyor.\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen\u00a0ve \u0130stihdam Paketi olarak bilinen yasa\u00a0ile 18-29 ya\u015f grubundan yeni i\u015fe girmi\u015f\u00a0kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sigorta primlerinin, giderek\u00a0azalan oranlarda olmak \u00fczere, be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle\u00a0devlet taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcbvanse edilmesi\u00a0kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yasa ile gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n\u00a0i\u015fsizlerin istihdam edilmesinin te\u015fviklerle\u00a0art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanmaktad\u0131r. Benzer bir \u015fekilde,\u00a0son d\u00f6nemlerde T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Kurumu\u00a0(\u0130\u015eKUR) kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131 konusuna \u00f6zel\u00a0\u00f6nem vermekte ve \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n i\u015fsizlere\u00a0i\u015f olanaklar\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla istihdam\u00a0odakl\u0131 projeler y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir.\u00a0Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Kad\u0131n\u0131n Stat\u00fcs\u00fc Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u00a0(KSGM) taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan\u00a0\u20182008-2013 y\u0131llar\u0131 i\u00e7in Toplumsal Cinsiyet\u00a0E\u015fitli\u011fi Ulusal Eylem\u2019 ile de e\u011fitim, yoksulluk,\u00a0\u015fiddet, sa\u011fl\u0131k, karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine\u00a0kat\u0131l\u0131m ve istihdam gibi pek \u00e7ok alanda\u00a0toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011finin geli\u015ftirilmesi\u00a0amac\u0131yla, t\u00fcm taraflar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla,\u00a0kamu politikalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda ve\u00a0uygulanmas\u0131nda esas al\u0131nmak \u00fczere ama\u00e7\u00a0hedef ve uygulama stratejileri belirlenmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusu\u00a0Devlet Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 9. Kalk\u0131nma\u00a0Program\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da g\u00fcndeminde yer almakta\u00a0ve e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyindeki ilerleme, aktif i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc\u00a0piyasas\u0131 politikalar\u0131 ile istihdam olunabilirlikte\u00a0iyile\u015fme ve i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na giri\u015fin\u00a0kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi etmenler ve m\u00fcdahaleler\u00a0sonucunda 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda kad\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131n\u0131n %29,6\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0hedeflenmektedir.\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye, Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn\u00a0(ILO) kad\u0131n erkek e\u015fitli\u011fini sa\u011flayan\u00a0ve kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eden 100,\u00a0111, 122 ve 142 say\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini\u00a0onaylayan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ancak hemen\u00a0belirtelim ki, T\u00fcrkiye, annelik iznini\u00a0g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alan ve toplumsal cinsiyet\u00a0e\u015fitli\u011fi konusunda \u00f6nemli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden\u00a0biri say\u0131lan 183 say\u0131l\u0131 Annelik Hakk\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0Korunmas\u0131 ILO S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni hen\u00fcz onaylamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Umuyoruz ki, Ebeveyn \u0130zniYasas\u0131 \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara paralel\u00a0olarak T\u00fcrkiye, en k\u0131sa zamanda bu\u00a0s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi de onaylay\u0131p, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen\u00a0haklar\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131\u00a0konusunda gereken \u00f6nlemleri almaya ba\u015flar.\u00a0ILO, ayn\u0131 zamanda, herkese insanca\u00a0ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131\u00a0amac\u0131yla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde Sayg\u0131n\u00a0\u0130\u015f \u00dclke Program\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir. Bu\u00a0kapsamda T\u00fcrkiye, \u015eubat 2009 tarihinde\u00a0Lizbon\u2019da Ulusal Sayg\u0131n \u0130\u015f Program\u0131 Mutabakat\u00a0metnini imzalad\u0131. B\u00f6ylelikle, T\u00fcrkiye\u00a0H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve ILO, sosyal ortaklar\u0131n i\u015f\u00a0birli\u011fi ile bu program\u0131 uygulayacaklar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0beyan etmi\u015f oldular. Buna g\u00f6re, kad\u0131n erkek\u00a0e\u015fitli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusu, di\u011fer ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u00a0yan\u0131 s\u0131ra mutab\u0131k kal\u0131nan maddelerden\u00a0biri olarak belirlendi ve b\u00f6ylece, kad\u0131nlara\u00a0y\u00f6nelik sayg\u0131n i\u015f olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0ne derece \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu\u00a0bir kez daha vurgulanm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
Projede, ILO ve \u0130\u015eKUR \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ILO Ankara Ofisi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de\u00a0kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesine\u00a0y\u00f6nelik bir projeyi, \u0130\u015eKUR i\u015f birli\u011fi ile\u00a02009 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131ndan itibaren y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye\u00a0ba\u015flad\u0131. Ankara, Gaziantep ve Konya\u00a0illerimizde Mart 2010 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek\u00a0olan bu projenin amac\u0131n\u0131 genel\u00a0anlamda iki ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda \u00f6zetlememiz\u00a0m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Buna g\u00f6re, bu proje ile ilk olarak\u00a0il d\u00fczeyinde \u0130\u015eKUR personelinin ve\u00a0sosyal ortaklar\u0131n kapasitesinin geli\u015ftirilmesi\u00a0ve kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131 konusunda toplumsal\u00a0cinsiyet duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u00a0i\u00e7selle\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131\u00a0hedeflenmektedir. \u0130kinci olarak, bu proje\u00a0ile pilot illerimizdeki kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0130\u015eKUR taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen aktif istihdam i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc\u00a0programlar\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirerek istihdam\u00a0edilmelerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bu projenin\u00a0istihdamda toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011finin\u00a0geli\u015ftirilmesi konusunda di\u011fer iller i\u00e7in bir\u00a0model olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Projemizde planlanan etkinliklerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi\u00a0a\u015famas\u0131nda, \u0130\u015eKUR Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u00a0ve \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri, KSGM ve \u00fcniversitelerin\u00a0yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u0130l \u0130stihdam ve Mesleki\u00a0E\u011fitim Kurullar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren\u00a0\u00f6rg\u00fctleri ile kad\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctleri temsilcilerinin\u00a0projeye katk\u0131 sa\u011flamalar\u0131 hedeflenmektedir.\u00a0Bu nedenle, hedef illerimizde\u00a0bug\u00fcne kadar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz her etkinli\u011fe\u00a0sosyal ortaklar\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle de kad\u0131n\u00a0\u00f6rg\u00fctleri temsilcilerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flamas\u0131na,\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve \u00f6nerileri ile katk\u0131 sunmalar\u0131na\u00a0\u00f6zel \u00f6nem verildi. Projemiz gibi istihdam\u00a0odakl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek herhangi bir etkinli\u011fin,\u00a0gerek i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, gerekse\u00a0de yerel d\u00fczeyde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten\u00a0kad\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctleri olmadan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi\u00a0durumunda beklenilen ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle, projemizin\u00a0bundan sonraki a\u015famalar\u0131nda da benzer\u00a0bir kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemekteyiz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" K\u00fcresel ekonomik ve finansal krizin\u00a0etkisinin toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n her\u00a0alan\u0131nda kendisini ciddi bi\u00e7imde hissettirdi\u011fi\u00a0b\u00f6ylesi bir d\u00f6nemde, istihdam<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=146"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":499,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146\/revisions\/499"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}