\u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar\u0131ndan\u00a0biri, belki de en \u00f6nemlisi\u00a0olan \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi ya\u015fam\u0131 ve do\u011fal\u00a0hayat\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit\u00a0ediyor. \u00c7evre kirlili\u011fine neden\u00a0olan pek \u00e7ok etken var. Bu etkenlerden\u00a0en \u00f6nemlisini belki de h\u0131zla\u00a0sanayile\u015fme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olmam\u0131zdan\u00a0dolay\u0131 fabrikalar olu\u015fturuyor.\u00a0Fabrikalar, hava, su, toprak,\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve hatta g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc gibi bir\u00a0\u00e7ok kirlenmeye yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve\u00a0yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonucu \u00e7evre bozulmakta\u00a0ve tahrip olmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda\u00a0do\u011fan\u0131n temel unsurlar\u0131 olan hava,\u00a0su ve topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 da orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak bozulmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0\u00c7evrenin bozulmas\u0131 veya\u00a0tahrip olmas\u0131yla ba\u015fta insanlar olmak \u00fczere,\u00a0t\u00fcm canl\u0131 varl\u0131klar zarar g\u00f6rmekte ve\u00a0olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilenmektedirler. Bu\u00a0olumsuz etkilenmeden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7evre\u00a0sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi denilmektedir.\u00a0K\u0131saca \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi \u00e7evrede olmas\u0131n\u0131 istemedi\u011fimiz\u00a0unsurlar\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n\u00a0belli ba\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131; hava, su, toprak, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc\u00a0ve g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kirlili\u011fidir. Do\u011fada her\u00a0\u015feyin bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011funu unutmamak gerekir.\u00a0Dengeyi sa\u011flayan unsurlardan birinin\u00a0kirlenmesi t\u00fcm do\u011fan\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesine\u00a0neden olur.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit kirlenmeye yol a\u00e7an en b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0etkenlerden biri de tabii ki fabrikalard\u0131r.\u00a0Bir\u00e7ok fabrika hava, su, toprak ve g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc\u00a0kirlili\u011fine neden olmakta, geli\u015fmi\u015f\u00a0\u00fclkelerde bu t\u00fcr fabrikalar\u0131n h\u0131zla kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na\u00a0gidilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Fabrikalar\u0131n bu kirlenmelere yol a\u00e7malar\u0131\u00a0\u015fu \u015fekilde geli\u015fir. Fabrikalar\u0131n bacalar\u0131na\u00a0filtre tak\u0131lmamas\u0131 sonucu fabrikalar\u0131n\u00a0bacalar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan zehirli gazlar atmosfere
\ny\u00fckselerek temiz havan\u0131n kirlenmesine\u00a0neden olur.<\/p>\n
Asit Ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 ve Sera Gazlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Fabrika bacalar\u0131ndan, egzoz borular\u0131ndan\u00a0\u00e7\u0131kan gazlar atmosfere y\u00fckselmekte\u00a0ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n etkisiyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Ta\u015f\u0131nan\u00a0bu gazlar, sis ve bulutlardaki su ile\u00a0birle\u015ferek s\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit ve nitrik aside d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir.\u00a0Bu asitler ya\u011fmur damlalar\u0131\u00a0ile yere inerek bitkiler, toprak, canl\u0131 varl\u0131klar,\u00a0yap\u0131lar, g\u00f6ller, akarsular ve denizler\u00a0\u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0do\u011fal \u00e7evredeki etkisi ve miktarlar\u0131, mineral\u00a0topra\u011f\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, jeolojik yap\u0131s\u0131, bitki\u00a0\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc v.b unsurlara ve kullan\u0131m bi\u00e7imine\u00a0ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak az veya \u00e7ok olmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Fabrika ve ev bacalar\u0131ndan, ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u00a0egzozlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan gazlardan; karbondioksit,\u00a0azotoksit, metan, ozon ve kloroflor\u00a0karbon gazlar\u0131 sera gazlar\u0131 olarak bilinir.\u00a0Fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n (petrol \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, do\u011fal gaz,\u00a0linyit k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc v.s.) yak\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu yay\u0131lan\u00a0gaz ve \u0131s\u0131, yer k\u00fcrenin \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131na neden\u00a0olmaktad\u0131r. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn daha fazla\u00a0\u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olan bu etkiye sera etkisi\u00a0denmektedir. Asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 ve sera etkisido\u011fan\u0131n do\u011fal dengesini bozmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Su Kirlenmesi\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Ne yaz\u0131k ki \u015fehirler i\u00e7in imar planlar\u0131\u00a0yap\u0131l\u0131rken, bu planlar do\u011frultusunda fabrikalar\u0131n\u00a0\u015fehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 toprak\u00a0ve su kirlili\u011fine neden oluyor. Fabrikalar, at\u0131k maddeleri ar\u0131tmadan\u00a0denize veya herhangi bir su birikintisine\u00a0bo\u015faltt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu zehirli at\u0131klar su birikintilerinde\u00a0veya denizlerde ya\u015fayan canl\u0131lar\u0131n\u00a0ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit ederler. Zehirlenen\u00a0bal\u0131klar \u00f6l\u00fcr, \u00f6lmeyenler ise bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0tutulup sofralar\u0131m\u0131za gelir. Buna en iyi \u00f6rnek olarak nehir veyadere kenarlar\u0131na kurulan ve y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131 yayan\u00a0fabrikalar\u0131 verebiliriz. Fabrika at\u0131k sular\u0131n\u0131\u00a0belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dere veya nehirlere\u00a0bo\u015falt\u0131r. Bu sular genelde ya asit tabiatl\u0131d\u0131r\u00a0ya da toksik madde i\u00e7erir. Fakat\u00a0bo\u015falt\u0131lan y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki su, dere veya\u00a0nehirlerdeki t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne\u00a0neden olur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tatl\u0131 su canl\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131cak\u00a0sularda ya\u015fayamazlar veyahut s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa\u00a0belli bir dereceye kadar tolerans g\u00f6sterebilirler.\u00a0Bu noktada ise ekologlar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tatl\u0131 sulara\u00a0b\u0131rak\u0131lacak suyun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kimyasal i\u00e7eri\u011finin\u00a0hangi s\u0131n\u0131rlar d\u00e2hilinde olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini\u00a0ancak ekologlar ve \u00e7evre ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131\u00a0yapan bilim adamlar\u0131 belirleyebilir.\u00a0Bu y\u00fczden \u00f6zellikle Avrupa \u00fclkeleri, a\u011f\u0131r\u00a0sanayii kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 bir denetim\u00a0alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f ve hatta baz\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131 kapatma\u00a0kararlar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc Kirlili\u011fi\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011finin sanayi yans\u0131mas\u0131\u00a0daha k\u00f6t\u00fc durumdad\u0131r. Ba\u015fta c\u00fcruf fabrikalar\u0131\u00a0olmak \u00fczere bir \u00e7ok fabrika d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri,\u00a0\u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 duman tabakalar\u0131,\u00a0b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 at\u0131klar ve hurda y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131yla\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kirlili\u011fine sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Bulunduklar\u0131\u00a0\u00e7evreyi at\u0131klar\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011fe \u00e7eviren\u00a0bu fabrikalar kendi i\u015fletmelerinin d\u0131\u015f\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerine de \u00f6nem vermemektedirler.<\/p>\n G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc Kirlili\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n Sanayi ve konut alanlar\u0131n\u0131n beraber\u00a0olmalar\u0131 ve bunun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sorunlar\u00a0yan\u0131nda sanayi alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc\u00a0de yads\u0131namayacak boyutlardad\u0131r.\u00a0B\u00fcy\u00fck alan kullan\u0131m\u0131 gerektiren kurulu\u015flar\u00a0olmalar\u0131ndan ve fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevinden\u00a0kaynaklanan ses kirlili\u011fi hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u00a0hem ya\u015fayanlar i\u00e7in olumsuz etkiler\u00a0meydana getirmektedir. Hatta baz\u0131 fabrikalar\u00a0\u00e7evrede bulunan halk\u0131n psikolojisini\u00a0bozacak \u015fekilde g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc yapmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc\u00a0kaynaklar\u0131 termik santraller ile fabrikalar\u0131n\u00a0ocaklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcler \u015feklindedir.\u00a0Fabrikalar\u0131n bu g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kirlili\u011fiyle\u00a0m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131\u00a0g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 normal seviyede tutmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca termik bacan\u0131n ses \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131\u00a0engellenmeli ve kara ve demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0yak\u0131n\u0131nda oturan insanlar g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi\u00a0konusunda bilin\u00e7lendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n Al\u0131nacak \u00d6nlemler<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2022 \u0130\u015f yerleri, fabrikalar \u00e7evreyi kirletmemek\u00a0i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almal\u0131,<\/p>\n \u2022 Temiz yak\u0131t ve filtre sistemleri kurulmal\u0131,<\/p>\n \u2022 Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan hammaddeler\u00a0kullan\u0131lmal\u0131,<\/p>\n \u2022 Personel \u00e7evre konusunda e\u011fitilmeli,<\/p>\n \u2022 Ye\u015fillendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131,<\/p>\n \u2022 Teknolojik yenilikler takip edilmeli\u00a0ve uygulanmal\u0131<\/p>\n \u2022 Yetkili kurumlardan gerekli yasal izinler mutlaka almal\u0131d\u0131r. Denetleyici kurumlar\u00a0da, bu t\u00fcr yerleri s\u0131k s\u0131k denetlemelidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar\u0131ndan\u00a0biri, belki de en \u00f6nemlisi\u00a0olan \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi ya\u015fam\u0131 ve do\u011fal\u00a0hayat\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit\u00a0ediyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":464,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=157"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":484,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157\/revisions\/484"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}