Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (ILO) ve T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Kurumu (\u0130\u015eKUR) taraf\u0131ndan Mart 2013\u2019de \u2018Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in Daha \u00c7ok ve \u0130yi \u0130\u015fler: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130nsana Yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r \u0130\u015f i\u00e7in Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi Projesi\u2019 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Temmuz 2016\u2019da sona erecek projeyi \u0130sve\u00e7 Uluslararas\u0131 Kalk\u0131nma \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Ajans\u0131 mali olarak destekliyor.<\/p>\n
Projenin ulusal d\u00fczeyde ama\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kad\u0131n \u0130stihdam\u0131 ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet E\u015fitli\u011fi Ulusal Eylem Plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. \u0130\u015eKUR ve \u0130l \u0130stihdam ve Mesleki E\u011fitim Kurullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (\u0130\u0130MEK) toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi ve kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131 alan\u0131nda teknik kapasitesi geli\u015ftirilecek. Ulusal d\u00fczeyde ilgili t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile haz\u0131rlanacak eylem plan\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda yerel d\u00fczeyde kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131racak aktif i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 programlar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenerek i\u015fsiz kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ekonomik olarak g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine destek olunacak. Ayr\u0131ca mesleki e\u011fitimlere entegre edilecek olan toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma standartlar\u0131 e\u011fitimleri ile kad\u0131nlar\u0131n toplumsal anlamda g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine destek olunmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Hedef Kitle \u0130\u015fsiz Kad\u0131nlar<\/strong><\/p>\n Projenin ana hedef kitlesini \u0130\u015eKUR\u2019a kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan i\u015fsiz kad\u0131nlar olu\u015fturuyor. \u00d6ncelik ise gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n i\u015fsizlerin. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u0130\u015eKUR\u2019a kay\u0131tl\u0131 i\u015fsiz kad\u0131n ve erkeklere verilecek olan toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma standartlar\u0131 e\u011fitimlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n ve erkek i\u015f\u00e7ilere de sa\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sadece e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k gibi belli sekt\u00f6rlerde istihdam edilmesi ve kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131 konusunda AB \u00fclkelerinden hayli geride olmas\u0131 bu tip projelerin desteklenmesinin ne kadar hayati oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n 45 bini E\u011fitim Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde <\/strong><\/p>\n SGK verilerine dikkate al\u0131narak sekt\u00f6rel olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 291 bin yeni kay\u0131tl\u0131 kad\u0131n \u00fccretlinin 45 bininin e\u011fitim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, 25 bine yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, 21 bininin yeme-i\u00e7me hizmeti, 20 bininin de b\u00fcro y\u00f6netimi ve deste\u011fi faaliyetlerinde ve giyim e\u015fyalar\u0131 imalat\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Kad\u0131n Eme\u011fi ve \u0130stihdam\u0131 Giri\u015fimi Platformu\u2019nun Kas\u0131m 2012\u2019de haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 12 \u0130lde \u201cKad\u0131n \u0130stihdam\u0131n\u0131 Art\u0131rma Ve F\u0131rsat E\u015fitli\u011fini Sa\u011flama\u201d Politika Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n De\u011ferlendirilmesi raporuna g\u00f6re sekt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cemek piyasas\u0131ndaki yatay ayr\u0131\u015fma\u201dn\u0131n olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle \u201ckad\u0131n i\u015fi-erkek i\u015fi\u201d ayr\u0131m\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n belli sekt\u00f6rlerde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu tespiti yap\u0131labilir. Kad\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00e7ok istihdam edildi\u011fi faaliyetler \u201ckad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in uygun alanlar\u201d olarak toplumsal kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Kad\u0131nlar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla hizmetler, imalat sanayinin emek-yo\u011fun kesimlerinde ve tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde istihdam ediliyor.<\/p>\n Kad\u0131n \u0130stihdam\u0131nda \u00d6nemli Noktalar<\/strong><\/p>\n Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n istihdama giri\u015fleri i\u00e7in belli noktalar \u00f6nemlidir. Kre\u015f ve di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f kanununa uygun olmas\u0131, g\u00fcvenli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mek\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n kurgulanmas\u0131, servis ve yeme\u011fin firma taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve \u00f6demelerin d\u00fczenlili\u011fi kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 en az \u00fccret kadar belirliyor. Kad\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn firmalar taraf\u0131ndan talep edilmesine ve kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, Aktif \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc Piyasas\u0131 Politikalar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok mesleki e\u011fitimler ve giri\u015fimcilik faaliyetleri yolu ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n SGK verileri mutlak say\u0131 olarak kay\u0131tl\u0131 kad\u0131n oran\u0131nda \u00f6nemli art\u0131\u015fa i\u015faret etse de, T\u00dc\u0130K istatistiklerinin ayn\u0131 zamanda kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131 da i\u00e7ermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan halen kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir iyile\u015fmeye i\u015faret etmiyor. Mart 2013\u2019te toplam kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 52 olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n TEPAV\u2019\u0131n 15 A\u011fustos 2013 tarihli \u0130stihdam\u0131n\u0131 \u0130zleme B\u00fclteni\u2019ne g\u00f6re 15 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki n\u00fcfustan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olarak i\u015f piyasas\u0131ndan geri duranlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 2012 y\u0131l\u0131n da 28 milyonu bulurken Mart 2013\u2019te 27 milyon 549 bine indi\u011fi g\u00f6zleniyor. Bu azalmadaki en \u00f6nemli etkenin \u00f6zellikle ev kad\u0131n\u0131 olarak i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda duran n\u00fcfusun i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n etkili oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. Mart 2012\u2019de 12,2 milyon olan ev kad\u0131n\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 12 ay sonra 11,4 milyona d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f durumda. Bu, 800 bin dolay\u0131nda bir azalma anlam\u0131na geliyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131 n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde ev kad\u0131n\u0131 oran\u0131 da y\u00fczde 43,8\u2019den y\u00fczde 41,4\u2019e kadar d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n Kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik olarak \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ciddi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131yor. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lacak kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lacak d\u00fczenlemeler aras\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yar\u0131m g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00e7ocuk say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re kademeli emeklilik, do\u011fum yapan kad\u0131nlara anal\u0131k izninin 24 haftaya kadar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, do\u011fum yapan kad\u0131na i\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f garantisi, i\u015fyerlerinde kre\u015f uygulamas\u0131 gibi maddeler yer alacak.<\/p>\n Kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131 olumlu etkileyen en \u00f6nemli etmenlerden birisi sigorta primini devletin \u00fcstlenmesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. 2008\u2019in \u015fubat ay\u0131nda 3,2 milyon ki\u015fi olarak belirlenen kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131, 2013\u2019\u00fcn \u015eubat ay\u0131nda 4,8 milyona yakla\u015ft\u0131. Yani 6 y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 50 dolay\u0131nda bir art\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Son 6 y\u0131lda kentlerde kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131nda 1,5 milyonun \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlendi. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin asgari \u00fccretli kad\u0131ndan i\u015fveren pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen SGK primini almayaca\u011f\u0131 ve bunu 5 y\u0131l s\u00fcre ile kademelendirerek uygulayaca\u011f\u0131 te\u015fviki, kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde artmas\u0131na sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin 2023 hedefleri aras\u0131nda kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da yer al\u0131yor. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda hedef y\u00fczde 38\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kmak. OECD \u00fclkelerinde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 ortalama y\u00fczde 61,8 iken \u00fclkemizde bu oran y\u00fczde 28,8. OECD \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den sonra en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131na sahip \u00fclke y\u00fczde 46 ile Meksika.<\/p>\n B\u00f6yle Giderse 2023 Hedefi Tutar <\/strong><\/p>\n 2005\u2019ten bu yana kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oranlar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her y\u0131l kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 puan artmas\u0131 halinde h\u00fck\u00fcmetin 2023 hedefi olan y\u00fczde 38\u2019lik kad\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 hedefi yakalanabilir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. 10. Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Kalk\u0131nma Plan\u0131 kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131 konusunda kad\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131nda 2012\u2019deki y\u00fczde 29,5\u2019lik d\u00fczeyden 2018\u2019de y\u00fczde 34,9 do\u011fru bir y\u00fckseli\u015f hedefleniyor. Bu kapsamda kad\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc oran\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hedefi, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 16 bin dolarl\u0131k ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 gelire ula\u015fma hedefiyle da uyumlu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak son aylarda kad\u0131n i\u015fsizli\u011finin hafif bir y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7i\u015f olmas\u0131 da dikkat \u00e7ekici bir geli\u015fme olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Mevsimsellikten ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kad\u0131n i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 Mart 2012\u2019de y\u00fczde 10,6 olurken, Mart 2013\u2019te y\u00fczde 11,6\u2019ya y\u00fckseldi\u011fi g\u00f6zleniyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (ILO) ve T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Kurumu (\u0130\u015eKUR) taraf\u0131ndan Mart 2013\u2019de \u2018Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in Daha<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":437,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=170"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":373,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions\/373"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}