{"id":191,"date":"2015-03-25T16:50:14","date_gmt":"2015-03-25T14:50:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2015\/03\/25\/tarimda-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi\/"},"modified":"2021-01-22T10:45:16","modified_gmt":"2021-01-22T07:45:16","slug":"tarimda-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2015\/03\/25\/tarimda-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi\/","title":{"rendered":"Tar\u0131mda \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Do\u00e7. Dr. Okan \u00d6ZKAYA \u00c7ukurova \u00dcniversitesi Ziraat Fak\u00fcltesi Bah\u00e7e Bitkileri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin mevsimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda, \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n takibi zorla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok sigortas\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7iler; ald\u0131klar\u0131 az \u00fccretlerle hem ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flayamamakta, hem de \u00f6l\u00fcmle burun buruna \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131: B\u00fct\u00fcn mesleklerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n; bedensel, ruhsal ve sosyal iyilik hallerinin korunmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi, en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, i\u015fin insana \u2013 i\u015f\u00e7inin kendi i\u015fine uyumunun sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bu amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in i\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi geli\u015ftirecek \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmesidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015f kazalar\u0131na u\u011framalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nlemlerdir. \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi: \u0130\u015fyerlerinde i\u015fin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ile olu\u015fan tehlikelerden, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa zarar verebilecek \u015fartlardan korunmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ile i\u015fletmenin ve \u00fcretimin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, yani \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 ve \u00e7evresinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 temel alan \u00f6nlemlerdir.<\/p>\n

Tar\u0131msal \u00dcretimde \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye 77,9 milyon hektar olan toprak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, yakla\u015f\u0131k 26,3 milyon hektar\u0131n\u0131 tar\u0131m arazileri olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim i\u00e7erisinde, k\u0131rsal alanda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aile i\u015fletmelerinin egemen oldu\u011fu bir yap\u0131 mevcuttur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile k\u0131rsal alanda ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, aile i\u015fletmecili\u011fi \u015feklinde tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplam istihdam i\u00e7erisinde %34,9\u2019luk k\u0131sm\u0131 olan 7,4 milyon tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7isi bulunurken bu say\u0131 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda haziran d\u00f6nemsel sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re 5,9 milyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana inmi\u015f dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile toplam istihdam i\u00e7erisinde %22,3 oran\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (ANON\u0130M, 2014 A).<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler incelendi\u011finde, \u00fclkemizde hali haz\u0131rda her ortalama her 3-4 ki\u015fiden birinin tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde istihdam edildi\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde istihdam i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc anketi incelendi\u011finde (ANON\u0130M, 2013), 623.000 ki\u015finin \u00fccretli i\u015f\u00e7i, 2.653.000 ki\u015finin i\u015fveren ve kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2.866.000 ki\u015finin ise \u00fccretsiz aile i\u015f\u00e7isi oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu istihdam\u0131n %83,3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn kay\u0131ts\u0131z oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Tar\u0131msal istihdamdaki mevcut tablo, ger\u00e7ekten karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde i\u015flerin mevsimsel olmas\u0131 nedeni ile gezici ve ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan denilen bir kavram\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Bunun sonucunda; tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00fccretlendirme, sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, bar\u0131nma ve sosyal s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015f g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu problemlerden elbette en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ortalama 6 milyon tar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131ndan sadece 1,2 milyonu sigorta kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile geri kalan tar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ile ilgili kay\u0131t tutulmas\u0131, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n ve ailelerin ya\u015fam kalitelerini her y\u00f6nden artt\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konular\u0131nda e\u011fitilmeleri gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tar\u0131m uygun sulama, g\u00fcbreleme, kimyasal ila\u00e7lama ve mekanizasyonun i\u015flemlerinin optimizasyonu ile yap\u0131lmakta olup iyi tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda t\u00fcm \u00fcretim kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n ana nedenleri olarak insana ba\u011fl\u0131 fakt\u00f6rler; \u00e7evresel nedenler ve e\u011fitim yetersizli\u011fi say\u0131labilir. \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n sebeplerinin %88\u2019i insan kaynakl\u0131, %10\u2019u teknik kaynakl\u0131 ve %2\u2019si ise di\u011fer sebepler olarak s\u0131ralanabilir. Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim de aile bireyleri ile mevsimlik \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukta olmas\u0131, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi riskini artt\u0131ran etmendir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojik ve sosyal etkenleri yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131na sebep olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tar\u0131m \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in Daha \u0130yi \u015eartlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu sebeple bir tak\u0131m \u00f6nlemleri \u00f6nceden alarak tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 daha g\u00fcvenli hale getirmek g\u00fcvenlik, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal anlamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara minimal belirli standartlar kazand\u0131rmak \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda tar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, iyile\u015ftirilmesi ve istihdam\u0131n kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fczerine G\u0131da, Tar\u0131m ve Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda imzalanan, i\u00e7erisinde \u00c7ukurova \u00dcniversitesi, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi, Harran \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin de bulundu\u011fu ortak protokol ile bu konuda ilk ad\u0131m at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (ANON\u0130M, 2014 B). \u00d6zellikle tar\u0131m alan\u0131nda istihdam edilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n olumsuz etkilerinden korunma, riskler ve olu\u015fabilecek zararlar\u0131 en aza indirgeme ve sonu\u00e7ta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ile i\u015fvereni ortak paydada birle\u015ftirecek i\u015f verimlili\u011fi artt\u0131rma odakl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00fclkemiz ko\u015fullar\u0131na uyumlu hale getirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda \u2018\u00c7ukurova \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Uygulama Merkezi\u2019 b\u00fcnyesinde ilgili akademik birimlerin i\u015fbirli\u011fi ile yurt i\u00e7inde ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile ilgili e\u011fitim, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma, uygulama, inceleme, klinik uygulama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar devam etmektedir (Tan\u0131r, 2014).<\/p>\n

REFERANSLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

ANON\u0130M, 2013. http:\/\/www.tuik.gov. tr\/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=13590. Eri\u015fim tarihi; 25.12.2014.<\/p>\n

ANON\u0130M, 2014. http:\/\/www.tuik.gov. tr\/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=16011. Eri\u015fim tarihi; 25.12.2014.<\/p>\n

ANON\u0130M, 2014 A. http:\/\/ www.csgb.gov.tr\/csgbPortal\/isggm.portal?page=haber&id=tarim. Eri\u015fim tarihi; 25.12.2014.<\/p>\n

Tan\u0131r, F., 2014. http:\/\/cisam.cu.edu.tr\/ tr\/detay.aspx?pageId=1605. Eri\u015fim tarihi; 25.12.2014.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Do\u00e7. Dr. Okan \u00d6ZKAYA \u00c7ukurova \u00dcniversitesi Ziraat Fak\u00fcltesi Bah\u00e7e Bitkileri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":250,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":402,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191\/revisions\/402"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}