{"id":204,"date":"2016-11-06T12:30:54","date_gmt":"2016-11-06T09:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/11\/06\/dogal-kaynaklarin-kullaniminda-cevre-duyarliligi\/"},"modified":"2020-10-09T20:37:25","modified_gmt":"2020-10-09T17:37:25","slug":"dogal-kaynaklarin-kullaniminda-cevre-duyarliligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/11\/06\/dogal-kaynaklarin-kullaniminda-cevre-duyarliligi\/","title":{"rendered":"Do\u011fal Kaynaklar\u0131n Kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00c7evre Duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ar\u015f. G\u00f6r. Abdullah T\u00dcRKER\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Gazi \u00dcniversitesi E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi Co\u011frafya E\u011fitimi Anabilim Dal\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7evre sorunlar\u0131na insan merkezli yakla\u015f\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun olu\u015fturuyor. Do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n\u00a0kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rler baz al\u0131narak \u00e7evreye gereken \u00f6nemin verilmesi gerekiyor. Gereken \u00f6nem verilmedi\u011finde, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz kazalar\u0131n bedeli a\u011f\u0131r oluyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7evre ve \u0130nsan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Do\u011fal kaynak denildi\u011finde \u00e7o\u011fumuzun akl\u0131na sadece demir, bak\u0131r, bor gibi ekonomik de\u011fere sahip madenler ile petrol, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve do\u011fal gaz gibi enerji kaynaklar\u0131 gelir. Asl\u0131nda toprak, su, hava, orman ve g\u00fcne\u015f de birer do\u011fal kaynakt\u0131r. \u0130lk\u00e7a\u011flardan\u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze insan ya\u015fam\u0131nda do\u011fal\u00a0kaynaklar\u0131n \u00f6nemi giderek artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk ba\u015flarda sadece su, orman ve ta\u015flar kullan\u0131l\u0131rken ate\u015fin bulunmas\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli madenler i\u015flenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e kullan\u0131lan do\u011fal kaynak ve yararlanma \u015fekilleride \u00e7e\u015fitlenmi\u015ftir. Elbette do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m ve kullan\u0131ma elveri\u015fli hale getirilme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde \u00e7evre do\u011frudan etkilenmektedir. \u00d6zellikle ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak insan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00e7evrede bulunan canl\u0131 ve cans\u0131z \u00f6\u011feleri hi\u00e7e sayarak do\u011fal kaynak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00e7evre de geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan zararlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131da ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. \u00c7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7evreye insan merkezli (antroposentrik) yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnde yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki en de\u011ferli \u015feyin insan oldu\u011fu ve\u00a0t\u00fcm canl\u0131cans\u0131z \u00e7evre unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n onun hizmetine sunuldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi yatar. Bu \u00e7evre yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6zellikle do\u011fal kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131nda salt ekonomik fayday\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek \u00e7evrenin hi\u00e7e say\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanak olu\u015fturur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00e7evre merkezli (ecosentrik) yakla\u015f\u0131mla beraber insan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>\u00e7evrenin bir unsuru oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc h\u00e2kim olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7evre eti\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en \u00fcst basama\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturan ecosentrik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcmsenmesi insanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm faaliyetlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi do\u011fal kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131nda da egolar\u0131n\u0131 ve salt \u00e7\u0131karc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelerini ortadan kald\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte bunu ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda gelecek nesillere ya\u015fanabilir bir \u00e7evre b\u0131rakabiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7evreye Verilen Zararlar \u00c7evreye en az zarar verdi\u011fini ya da hi\u00e7 zarar vermedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz hidroelektrik santraller, r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinleri ve biyomass (organik \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve art\u0131klar\u0131ndan enerji \u00fcretilmesi) gibi do\u011fal kaynaklardan enerji \u00fcretme i\u015flemlerinde de \u00e7evre mutlaka etkilenir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; \u00e7ok temiz ve \u00e7evre dostu olarak bildi\u011fimiz barajlar yaparak elektrik \u00fcretildi\u011finde hem baraj setti yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok a\u011fa\u00e7 kesilip olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lge ta\u015f ve betonla doldurulmakta hem de akarsuyun ovalara ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u00fcvyonlar baraj i\u00e7erisinde birikerek ovalar olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Al\u00fcvyonlar\u0131n barajda birikmesi ovalarda verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra baraj \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcde ortalama 6080 y\u0131l ile s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r. 1970\u2019te M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Nil Nehri \u00fczerine Aswan Baraj\u0131 in\u015fa edildi. Sulama, elektrik \u00fcretimi, ta\u015fk\u0131n kontrol\u00fc ve tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimi art\u0131rma gibi olduk\u00e7a g\u00fczel ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lan ve a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fchendislik harikas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilen Aswan Baraj\u0131, belkide bu durumun en vahim \u00f6rne\u011fidir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en uzun nehrinin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0al\u00fcvyonlar\u0131n, bu baraj g\u00f6l\u00fcnde birikmesi sonucu Etiyopya platolar\u0131ndan gelen verimli al\u00fcvyonlar Nil vadisi ve deltas\u0131n\u0131 besleyemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131nda kimyasal g\u00fcbre kullanma ihtiyac\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tar\u0131msal verim ve rekoltenin d\u00fc\u015fmesi ile \u00fclke g\u0131da ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan\u00a0tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcn ithalat\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6nemli bal\u0131k yiyecekleri de ta\u015f\u0131yan al\u00fcvyonlar\u0131n Nil deltas\u0131ndan Akdeniz\u2019e ula\u015famamas\u0131 Do\u011fu Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki bal\u0131k \u00fcretimini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu durum Nil deltas\u0131ndaki verimli tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131nda \u00e7orakla\u015fmaya ve morfolojik de\u011fi\u015fikliklere de sebep olmu\u015ftur. Bir di\u011fer do\u011fal kaynak olan ormanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131nda da \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131k ve duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ar\u015f. G\u00f6r. Abdullah T\u00dcRKER\u00a0 Gazi \u00dcniversitesi E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi Co\u011frafya E\u011fitimi Anabilim Dal\u0131 \u00c7evre sorunlar\u0131na insan<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":237,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=204"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":448,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204\/revisions\/448"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}