{"id":207,"date":"2017-04-18T13:51:59","date_gmt":"2017-04-18T10:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2017\/04\/18\/gocmen-isciler-icin-riskler-daha-fazla\/"},"modified":"2020-10-10T09:24:35","modified_gmt":"2020-10-10T06:24:35","slug":"gocmen-isciler-icin-riskler-daha-fazla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2017\/04\/18\/gocmen-isciler-icin-riskler-daha-fazla\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6\u00e7men \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler \u0130\u00e7in Riskler Daha Fazla"},"content":{"rendered":"

Duygu \u00c7ELG\u0130N<\/strong>
\n\u00c7evre M\u00fch. \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bilim Uzm. T.C. Bilim, Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00fcfetti\u015fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re D\u00fcnya\u2019daki g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 214 milyon oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor. Son d\u00f6nemde Suriye\u2019de ya\u015fanan sava\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilik rakamlar\u0131nda hem d\u00fcnyada hem \u00fclkemizde b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015fa sebep olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 400 bin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. G\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00f6zellikle in\u015faat, tekstil, tar\u0131m ve g\u0131da sekt\u00f6rlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u201cG\u00f6\u00e7men\u201d Tan\u0131m\u0131na K\u0131sa bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 G\u00f6\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re g\u00f6\u00e7men; g\u00f6\u00e7 edenin yasal durumuna, g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketinin iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 veya zorunlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn sebeplerine ve g\u00f6\u00e7 edilen yerde ne kadar s\u00fcreyle kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n al\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelmi\u015f ya\u015fam alan\u0131ndan ulusal veya uluslararas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlardan ba\u015fka bir yere ta\u015f\u0131nan insan olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan n\u00fcfus hareketi ulusal s\u0131n\u0131rlar d\u00e2hilinde oldu\u011funda i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7, uluslararas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar d\u00e2hilinde ise d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 olarak isimlendirilir.<\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 18 Aral\u0131k 1990 tarih ve 45\/158 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla kabul edilen \u201cT\u00fcm G\u00f6\u00e7men \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve Aile Fertlerinin Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Korunmas\u0131na Dair Uluslararas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin\u201d 2\u2019nci maddesine g\u00f6re g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i, vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir devlette \u00fccret \u00f6denen bir faaliyette \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta olan veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ki\u015fidir. Kanunda g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i kavram\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ka\u00e7ak g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler de yer almakta olup bu tan\u0131m g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7inin en geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 1 Temmuz 1949 tarihinde yap\u0131lan 32\u2019nci oturumunda kabul etti\u011fi \u0130stihdam Amac\u0131yla G\u00f6\u00e7 Hakk\u0131nda 97 Say\u0131l\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile 24 Haziran 1975 tarihinde yap\u0131lan 60\u2019\u0131nc\u0131 oturumunda kabul etti\u011fi G\u00f6\u00e7men \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler Hakk\u0131nda 143 Say\u0131l\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 11\u2019inci maddelerinde; g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i, kendi ad\u0131na olmay\u0131p ba\u015fkas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla bir \u00fclkeden di\u011ferine g\u00f6\u00e7 eden veya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f bir kimse ile g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i olarak bir \u00fclkeye kabul edilen kimse olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131ma bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda U\u00c7\u00d6 ka\u00e7ak g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ileri g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019daki d\u00fczenlemelerden G\u00f6\u00e7men \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Hukuki Stat\u00fcs\u00fcne \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 1. maddesine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i terimi, s\u00f6zle\u015fme taraflar\u0131ndan biri taraf\u0131ndan \u00fclkesinde \u00fccretli bir i\u015f g\u00f6rmek \u00fczere yerle\u015fmesine izin verilmi\u015f olan di\u011fer bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye taraf \u00fclkenin yurtta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Bahsi ge\u00e7en bu tan\u0131mlama ise g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i tan\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki en dar tan\u0131m olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de G\u00f6\u00e7men \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilik Kavram\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

5543 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130skan Kanunu\u2019nun 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesine g\u00f6re g\u00f6\u00e7men; T\u00fcrk soyundan ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olan, yerle\u015fmek amac\u0131yla tek ba\u015f\u0131na veya toplu halde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelip bu kanun gere\u011fince kabul olunanlar olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 kanunun 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesine g\u00f6re ise T\u00fcrk soyundan ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan yabanc\u0131lar, T\u00fcrk soyundan ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunup da s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilenler ve g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmeleri uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyenler g\u00f6\u00e7men olarak kabul edilmezler.<\/p>\n

6458 say\u0131l\u0131 Yabanc\u0131lar ve Uluslararas\u0131 Koruma Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7men; yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollarla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye giren, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kalan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kan veya yasal yollarla girip yasal s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u0131kmayan ki\u015fiyi ifade eder.<\/p>\n

Yasal d\u00fczenlemelerimizde g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i kavram\u0131 yer almamakla beraber g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler 4817 say\u0131l\u0131 Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zinleri Hakk\u0131ndaki Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131 olarak nitelendirilmekte ve \u00fclkemizde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 da yine bu kanun ve ilgili y\u00f6netmelikler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Yabanc\u0131, 403 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanununa g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 say\u0131lmayan ki\u015fi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fclkemizde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu ikili ya da \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde aksi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedik\u00e7e ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 veya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan \u00f6nce izin almalar\u0131 gereklidir. Ayn\u0131 kanuna g\u00f6re ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi haiz bir veya birden fazla i\u015fveren emrinde \u00fccret, ayl\u0131k, komisyon ve benzeri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yabanc\u0131y\u0131; ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ise ba\u015fka \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131 istihdam etsin veya etmesin kendi ad ve hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yabanc\u0131y\u0131 ifade eder. 4817 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 5, 6, 7 ve 8\u2019inci maddelerine g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izinleri s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni, s\u00fcresiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni ve istisnai \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izinleri olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izinlerine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemler ise \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde G\u00f6\u00e7 Hareketleri ve Veriler<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu\u2019nun Adrese Dayal\u0131 N\u00fcfus Kay\u0131t Sistemi\u2019ne g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 verilerine g\u00f6re net g\u00f6\u00e7 h\u0131z\u0131 en y\u00fcksek olan ilk be\u015f il s\u0131ras\u0131yla: Tekirda\u011f (22,15), Karab\u00fck (18,96), G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane (17,99), Kocaeli (17,13) ve Antalya (12,34)\u2019d\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re net g\u00f6\u00e7 h\u0131z\u0131 en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan ilk be\u015f il ise: Kars (28,57), A\u011fr\u0131 (28,07), Yozgat (27,91), Mu\u015f (26,80), ve Bayburt (26,77)\u2019dur. Bu duruma bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7 h\u0131z\u0131 en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan illerin tamam\u0131 kalk\u0131nmada birinci derecede \u00f6ncelikli iller aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. \u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 h\u0131zlar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde ise, kalk\u0131nmada birinci \u00f6ncelikli illerin g\u00f6\u00e7 vermesinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck nedeninin ekonomik ve co\u011frafik sebepler oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. G\u00f6\u00e7 verme h\u0131z\u0131 en y\u00fcksek olan illerin mevsimsel \u015fartlar\u0131 ve co\u011frafi konumlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu illerdeki sanayile\u015fme ve i\u015f bulma oran\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirgin bir bi\u00e7imde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Sanayile\u015fmenin ve i\u015f bulman\u0131n zor oldu\u011fu bu iller i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 vermektedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, mevsimsel \u015fartlar\u0131n ya\u015famaya elveri\u015fli olmamas\u0131 bar\u0131nma problemlerini de bir sorunsal olarak incelememize neden oluyor. Hem ekonomik olarak s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fayan hem de mevsimsel \u015fartlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler \u00e7eken b\u00f6lge halk\u0131, bu illerden i\u015f bulma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ve mevsimsel \u015fartlar\u0131n daha az \u00e7etin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeyi tercih ediyorlar. \u0130\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7e bir di\u011fer etmen olarak ter\u00f6r faaliyetleri \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7 ile ilgili 2000 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en \u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7 alan iller \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir, Bursa, Ankara ve Antalya olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131karken en fazla g\u00f6\u00e7 al\u0131nan \u00fclke 73.736 ki\u015fi ile Almanya\u2019d\u0131r. Bunun sebebi ise 31 Ekim 1961\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye ile Almanya aras\u0131nda imzalanan \u201cT\u00fcrk \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ile ba\u015flayan Almanya\u2019ya T\u00fcrk i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesinin tersine g\u00f6\u00e7 olu\u015fturmas\u0131d\u0131r. Son d\u00f6nemde Suriye\u2019de ya\u015fanan sava\u015f sebebiyle resmi rakamlara g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye 600 bin, resmi olmayan rakamlara g\u00f6re ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyonun \u00fczerinde Suriye vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu vatanda\u015flar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki illerde bulunan g\u00f6\u00e7men kamplar\u0131nda veya kendi ko\u015fullar\u0131yla bulduklar\u0131 yerlerde ikamet ediyorlar. Geriye kalanlar ise daha rahat bar\u0131nma ve i\u015f bulma gibi imkanlar i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul, Ankara, \u0130zmir gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeyi tercih ediyorlar.<\/p>\n

2015 T\u00fcrkiye G\u00f6\u00e7 Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakalanan d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 146.485\u2019tir. Bu rapora g\u00f6re Suriye vatanda\u015flar\u0131 73.422 ki\u015fi ile ilk s\u0131rada, Afganistan vatanda\u015flar\u0131 35.921 ki\u015fi ile ikinci s\u0131rada, Irak vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ise 7.247 ki\u015fi ile \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6\u00e7men \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilikte \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Milyonlarca insan y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde ekonomik, sosyal, siyasi ve do\u011fal nedenlerle ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkeden bir ba\u015fka \u00fclkeye g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyorlar. G\u00f6\u00e7 eden ki\u015filer \u00f6zellikle bar\u0131nma, konaklama, beslenme gibi problemlerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yorlar. Bu sorunlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm kayna\u011f\u0131 da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ve para olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Fakat g\u00f6\u00e7 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve g\u00f6\u00e7 etti\u011fi \u00fclkenin ba\u015fta dili olmak \u00fczere k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131, ya\u015fam tarz\u0131na yabanc\u0131 olan bireyler i\u00e7in i\u015f hayat\u0131 zannedildi\u011fi kadar kolay olmuyor.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re g\u00f6\u00e7 eden i\u015f\u00e7iler g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri \u00fclke vatanda\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha vas\u0131fs\u0131z, daha tehlikeli ve daha pis i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Japonya\u2019da g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilerin genellikle yerli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine getirmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleri g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor. 3D olarak k\u0131salt\u0131lan bu i\u015fler pis, tehlikeli ve nitelik gerektirmeyen i\u015fler olarak kodlan\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden bu t\u00fcr i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler, \u00fclkenin vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 risklerden daha fazlas\u0131na maruz kal\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 151 say\u0131l\u0131 tavsiye karar\u0131n\u0131n 20\u2019nci paragraf\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu karar\u0131 kabul eden b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilerin maruz kalacaklar\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131k riskine kar\u015f\u0131 gerekli \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Fransa\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re n\u00fcfusun %8\u2019i g\u00f6\u00e7menlerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Fransa\u2019daki g\u00f6\u00e7menler vas\u0131fs\u0131z, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik risklerine daha \u00e7ok maruz kal\u0131nacak i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere\u2019de yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re ise g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler \u0130ngiliz i\u015f\u00e7ilere g\u00f6re daha fazla l\u00f6semi ve mide kanserine yakalanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 yapm\u0131\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015f hayat\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaklar\u0131 bir di\u011fer problem ise yap\u0131lan i\u015fe, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam ve \u015fartlar\u0131na al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n olmamaktan kaynaklanan problemlerdir. G\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fclkede kullan\u0131lan teknolojiyi daha \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda g\u00f6rmemi\u015f, o teknoloji ile ilgili bilgi ve deneyim sahibi olmayan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015ften kaynaklanabilecek riskler konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olamayacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015ften kaynaklanabilecek tehlikeleri bir tehlike unsuru olarak de\u011ferlendiremeyece\u011finden, i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 veya meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00f6tesi g\u00f6\u00e7 yapm\u0131\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bir di\u011fer sorun ise ileti\u015fimdir. \u0130leti\u015fim sadece i\u015f hayat\u0131nda de\u011fil normal hayatlar\u0131nda da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bir problemdir. \u0130\u015f hayat\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimizde ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkenin dilini bilmeyen bir g\u00f6\u00e7men en ba\u015fta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131yla ve i\u015fvereni ile ileti\u015fim kuramayacakt\u0131r. Bu ileti\u015fimi kuramamas\u0131 ise i\u015fverenin taleplerini, \u00f6\u011fretilerini, sunmakta oldu\u011fu talimat ve e\u011fitimleri anlayamamas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece i\u015fyerindeki organizasyon i\u00e7erisinde hareket edemeyecektir. Bu y\u00fczden ileti\u015fim kuramayan bir g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i, kendisine verilen talimatlar\u0131 ve e\u011fitimleri anlayamayacak olmas\u0131 sebebiyle risk alt\u0131ndaki gruplar aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6\u00e7men \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin E\u011fitimleri i\u00e7in Ne Yap\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 151 say\u0131l\u0131 tavsiye karar\u0131n\u0131n 21\u2019inci paragraf\u0131na g\u00f6re, g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilere verilecek mesleki e\u011fitimler i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve i\u015f hijyenine ili\u015fkin e\u011fitim konular\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ermelidir. Bu e\u011fitimler g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan itibaren; m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu durumlarda g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7inin anadilinde, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda ise anlayabildi\u011fi bir ba\u015fka dilde ve g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in herhangi bir mali y\u00fck do\u011furmayacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmelidir. E\u011fitim, i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi mevzuat\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yasal hak, sorumluluk ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmelidir.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 karar\u0131n 22\u2019nci paragraf\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iye verilen t\u00fcm e\u011fitimleri, talimatlar\u0131, uyar\u0131lar\u0131 ve uyar\u0131lara ili\u015fkin sembolleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131ndan kaynaklanan riskleri anlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm \u00f6nlemleri almak zorundad\u0131r. E\u011fer g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen b\u00fct\u00fcn bu e\u011fitimler ve verilen talimatlar; anadil farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ileti\u015fim kopuklu\u011fundan veya prosese yabanc\u0131 olmalar\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lam\u0131yorsa, anla\u015f\u0131labilir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Duygu \u00c7ELG\u0130N \u00c7evre M\u00fch. \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bilim Uzm. T.C. Bilim, Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00fcfetti\u015fi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/207"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=207"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/207\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":444,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/207\/revisions\/444"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=207"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=207"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}