G\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e geli\u015fen turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fc\u00a0art\u0131k sadece yaz aylar\u0131nda hareketlenen\u00a0bir sekt\u00f6r de\u011fil. \u0130\u015fletmeler d\u00f6rt mevsim\u00a0boyunca \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Her y\u0131l ortalama 20\u00a0bin yatak kapasiteli otel a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00a0gittik\u00e7e b\u00fcy\u00fcyen zincirleri, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de\u00a0turizm a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ra\u011fbet g\u00f6ren bir \u00fclke olmas\u0131\u00a0sekt\u00f6r\u00fc bir\u00e7ok gen\u00e7 i\u00e7in cazip bir i\u015f\u00a0alan\u0131 haline getiriyor. Ancak sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn zor\u00a0taraflar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemeli.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya Turizm \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (UNWTO) turizm\u00a0gelirlerinin her y\u0131l y\u00fczde 4 oran\u0131nda\u00a0art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini belirtiyor. Bununla birlikte\u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en pop\u00fcler turistik mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0i\u00e7erisinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0y\u00fczde 60 olan turizm gelir pay\u0131n\u0131n\u00a02020 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 46\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015fmesi bekleniyor.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise yabanc\u0131 turist say\u0131s\u0131\u00a02002 ve 2011 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, 12,8 milyondan\u00a031,5 milyona ula\u015ft\u0131; bu say\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi\u00a0\u201cYabanc\u0131 Ziyaret\u00e7iler i\u00e7in En \u0130yi 7\u00a0\u00dclke\u201d aras\u0131na sokuyor.<\/p>\n
Turizmin parasal etkilerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra\u00a0ekonomide yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkilerin en \u00f6nemlisi,\u00a0emek-yo\u011fun \u00fcretim tekni\u011finden kaynaklanan\u00a0istihdam etkisidir. Bu nedenle, turizm\u00a0sekt\u00f6r\u00fc kendisinin do\u011frudan istihdama\u00a0katk\u0131da bulunmas\u0131 ve bu sekt\u00f6re\u00a0girdi veren di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlere de dolayl\u0131 istihdam\u00a0imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 nedeniyle, \u00fclkedeki\u00a0toplam istihdamda \u00f6nemli bir yere\u00a0sahiptir. Turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde makinele\u015fme\u00a0ve otomasyon imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131\u00a0nedeniyle, sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn meydana getirdi\u011fi istihdam\u00a0yo\u011funlu\u011fu di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re\u00a0daha y\u00fcksektir. Sekt\u00f6rde emek-yo\u011fun\u00a0\u00fcretimin h\u00e2kim olmas\u0131 nedeniyle turistik\u00a0t\u00fcketim harcamalar\u0131, y\u00fcksek oranda do\u011frudan\u00a0istihdam etkisi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Turizmin Geli\u015fiminde \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u00a0Vas\u0131flar\u0131 \u00d6nemli<\/strong><\/p>\n Turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak ki\u015filerde\u00a0aranan birincil \u00f6zellik gen\u00e7lik ve dinamiklik.\u00a0Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tecr\u00fcbe ve staj da \u00e7ok\u00a0\u00f6nemli. Bu nedenle meslek lisesinden mezun\u00a0olanlar mesle\u011fe bir ad\u0131m \u00f6nde ba\u015fl\u0131yor.\u00a0Bu \u00f6zelliklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra turizmde yabanc\u0131\u00a0dil bilmek \u015fart; birden fazla dil bilmek\u00a0ise tercih sebebi olabiliyor.<\/p>\n \u00d6n b\u00fcro, yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecek, servis, sat\u0131\u015f\u00a0ve pazarlama, rezervasyon, i\u015f geli\u015ftirme,\u00a0halkla ili\u015fkiler, kat hizmetleri, mutfak,\u00a0bula\u015f\u0131khane, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rhane, finans, teknik\u00a0hizmetler, insan kaynaklar\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik, otopark,\u00a0insan geli\u015fimi ve e\u011fitim, sat\u0131n alma\u00a0bir otelde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131labilecek temel b\u00f6l\u00fcmler.<\/p>\n \u00d6n b\u00fcro, misafirleri kar\u015f\u0131layan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00a0oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in g\u00fcler y\u00fcz ve sab\u0131r \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli.\u00a0\u00d6n b\u00fcroda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filerin tutum ve\u00a0davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ayr\u0131ca dikkat etmeleri gerekiyor.Kat hizmetleri de misafirlerin kalaca\u011f\u0131\u00a0odan\u0131n temizli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan personel say\u0131s\u0131 \u015fehirdeki otellerde\u00a0mevsimlere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fkenlik\u00a0arz etmiyor. Fakat ilkbahar ve yaz\u00a0aylar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sezonun da a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla\u00a0birlikte \u00f6zellikle bah\u00e7\u0131van ve garsonlara ihtiya\u00e7\u00a0duyuluyor. Yeni mezunlara \u00f6nce hizmet\u00a0sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131\u00a0\u00f6\u011fretiliyor. Otel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n her biri\u00a0m\u00fc\u015fteri ile ileti\u015fim kuruyor. Bir otelde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131nilk ad\u0131m\u0131 genelde servis elemanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131yor, sipari\u015f almay\u0131, tepsi tutmay\u0131,\u00a0barda\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l koyacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011freniyorlar.\u00a0\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n ba\u015fta servis eleman\u0131 olmak\u00a0\u00fczere zamanla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc birimde rahatl\u0131kla\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r konuma gelmesine dikkat\u00a0ediliyor.<\/p>\n Tatil y\u00f6relerindeki otellerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131\u00a0k\u0131\u015f\u0131n kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in teknik servis, g\u00fcvenlik,\u00a0y\u00f6netim kademesi gibi personellerinin\u00a0d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan \u00f6zellikle\u00a0servis k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki elemanlar\u00a0k\u0131\u015f\u0131n i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131labiliyor.\u00a0Bu elemanlar\u00a0bir sonraki sezon tekrar\u00a0i\u015fe geri d\u00f6nebiliyor. \u015eehir\u00a0otelleri ise genelde\u00a0otelin kapasitesine g\u00f6re\u00a0personel istihdam ediyor.<\/p>\n E\u011fitimliler Daha\u00a0Avantajl\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Turizm okulunda\u00a0okumak sekt\u00f6re ad\u0131m atmada\u00a0\u00f6nemli bir k\u0131stas.\u00a0E\u011fitimlerine devam\u00a0ederken staj yapma olana\u011f\u0131\u00a0olan \u00f6\u011frenciler vakitlice\u00a0sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn inceliklerini\u00a0\u00f6\u011freniyorlar.<\/p>\n Eskiye g\u00f6re daha\u00a0fazla otel zinciri olmas\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in avantaj\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0da dezavantaj\u0131 da\u00a0var. Turizm de istihdam\u00a0oran\u0131 artarken, ayn\u0131 i\u015fyerinde\u00a0uzun soluklu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak\u00a0zorla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Turizm sezonunda\u00a0oteller en \u00e7ok resepsiyon g\u00f6revlisi ar\u0131yor.\u00a0Resepsiyonistleri ise garsonlar izliyor. Deneyim\u00a0s\u00fcresi burada da \u00f6nemli, elemandan\u00a0en az bir iki y\u0131l tecr\u00fcbe isteniyor.<\/p>\n Nisan ay\u0131 ile birlikte eleman yenileme\u00a0ve yeni eleman al\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fe al\u0131nan\u00a0elemanlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, tesisin kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu\u00a0k\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde izinli olanlar. Bu ki\u015filer\u00a0yeniden i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131yor. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00a0de o y\u0131l hizmete giren ve tesisin yeni i\u015fe\u00a0alaca\u011f\u0131 personelden olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n Servis eleman\u0131 veya kat g\u00f6revlisi iyi\u00a0performans g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde meslekte y\u00fckselme\u00a0\u015fanslar\u0131 daha fazla oluyor.<\/p>\n Turizm \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n Sorunlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fc verilerle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyor.\u00a0Veri denilince de ak\u0131llara \u00fclkeye nerelerden\u00a0ka\u00e7 turist gelmi\u015f, ne kadar para b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f\u00a0geliyor. Oysa daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeler\u00a0yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in turizm emek\u00e7ilerinin\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n, ekonomik ve\u00a0sosyal durumlar\u0131n\u0131n, mesleki sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0da ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bunlar hakk\u0131nda veri toplanmas\u0131\u00a0gerekir. Turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki\u00a0istihdam durumuna ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvenilir\u00a0resmi istatistikler bulunmamas\u0131na\u00a0ra\u011fmen \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan elde edilen veriler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde\u00a0bulunduruldu\u011funda konaklama ve e\u011flence\u00a0yerleri i\u015f kolunda 1,5 ila 2 milyon ki\u015finin\u00a0istihdam edildi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn en temel sorunlar\u0131ndan\u00a0biridir. En a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u00a0sosyal sigorta ve maliye birimlerine\u00a0herhangi bir bildirimin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131\u00a0\u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fclenlerdir. \u00d6zellikle ilk kez\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015facak olan gen\u00e7ler i\u015fsizlik endi\u015fesi nedeniyle\u00a0sigortas\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya raz\u0131 olmaktad\u0131rlar.\u00a0Sigortal\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilenler ise ger\u00e7ek\u00a0\u00fccret ve g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re daha az bildirimde\u00a0bulunma kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir ba\u015fka\u00a0boyutunu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. A\u015f\u00e7\u0131ba\u015f\u0131, genel\u00a0m\u00fcd\u00fcr, b\u00f6l\u00fcm sorumlusu gibi \u00f6nemli\u00a0g\u00f6revlerde bulunanlar\u0131n da bildirimleri\u00a0asgari \u00fccret seviyesinde yap\u0131labilmektedir.\u00a0Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra stajyerlere de haddinden\u00a0fazla i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc verilmektedir. \u015eirketler profesyonel\u00a0i\u015f\u00e7i almak yerine g\u00f6revi olmamas\u0131na\u00a0ra\u011fmen i\u015fleri stajyerlere yapt\u0131rmaktad\u0131rlar.\u00a0\u00d6te yandan, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lanlar\u0131n\u00a0\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu a\u00e7l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0da alt\u0131nda olan asgari \u00fccret almaktad\u0131rlar.\u00a0Kay\u0131ts\u0131z, g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya raz\u0131\u00a0olan i\u015f\u00e7iler bir taraftan g\u00fcn\u00fc kurtarmaya\u00a0mecbur kal\u0131rken di\u011fer taraftan i\u015f g\u00fcvencesinden,\u00a0sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik haklar\u0131ndan\u00a0yoksun bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Bu i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc,\u00a0turizmin geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelere turizm\u00a0sezonunda gelen mevsimlik i\u015f\u00e7ilerdir. Konaklama\u00a0ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 da \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015f yerinde\u00a0kendilerine ayr\u0131lan sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z mek\u00e2nlarda\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, uykudan artan zamanlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak\u00a0ge\u00e7irmektedirler. 13-14 saati bulan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u00a0s\u00fcrelerinin yan\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00fcvenceden\u00a0ve izin haklar\u0131ndan yoksun olan mevsimlik\u00a0ve kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan turizm i\u015f\u00e7ileri,\u00a0s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc alt\u0131nda ezilmektedirler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" G\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e geli\u015fen turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fc\u00a0art\u0131k sadece yaz aylar\u0131nda hareketlenen\u00a0bir sekt\u00f6r de\u011fil. \u0130\u015fletmeler d\u00f6rt mevsim\u00a0boyunca \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":233,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":234,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53\/revisions\/234"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}