{"id":67,"date":"2012-12-26T21:28:19","date_gmt":"2012-12-26T19:28:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2012\/12\/26\/madenlerdeki-is-kazalarinin-irdelenmesi\/"},"modified":"2020-10-10T09:50:22","modified_gmt":"2020-10-10T06:50:22","slug":"madenlerdeki-is-kazalarinin-irdelenmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2012\/12\/26\/madenlerdeki-is-kazalarinin-irdelenmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Madenlerdeki \u0130\u015f Kazalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130rdelenmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Hacer Kayhan, Dr. R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc U\u00e7an, H\u00fcseyin Arslan, \u015eule Sezgin<\/strong>
\nOkan \u00dcniversitesi, Meslek Y\u00fcksek Okulu, \u0130stanbul, EHS i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Y\u00f6netim E\u011fitim Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Madencilik, d\u00fcnyada ve \u00fclkemizde\u00a0yer alt\u0131 ve yer\u00fcst\u00fc i\u015fletmeleri i\u015f kazalar\u0131\u00a0ve meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek\u00a0oldu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131r ve tehlikeli i\u015f kollar\u0131ndand\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130\u015f kazas\u0131, uygun \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleriyle\u00a0birlikte g\u00fcn\u00fcn bilgi ve teknolojisinin\u00a0kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, i\u015fyerinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekte\u00a0olan i\u015f dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n,\u00a0i\u015fyerlerinin ve \u00fcretimin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini\u00a0tehdit eden, \u00f6l\u00fcme, hastal\u0131\u011fa, yaralanmaya\u00a0hasara veya di\u011fer kay\u0131plara sebebiyet\u00a0veren istenmeyen olaylar olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.\u00a0Keza, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bilimsel,\u00a0teknik ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olana\u011fa\u00a0ra\u011fmen ki\u015fi ya da kurumlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz\u00a0k\u0131larak aciz b\u0131rakan, kar\u015f\u0131 konulamaz,\u00a0ola\u011fan \u00fcst\u00fc olaylarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labilir. T\u00fcm\u00a0bu istenmeyen kaza ve olaylar\u0131n ele al\u0131nmas\u0131,\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen temel sebeplerin\u00a0ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p, tekrar olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi\u00a0i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmet, i\u015fverenlerin, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n,\u00a0\u00fcniversitelerin, yerel y\u00f6netimlerin\u00a0ve sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fbirli\u011fi\u00a0yapmas\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yeralt\u0131 Madencili\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle yeralt\u0131 madencili\u011finde pek\u00a0\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma disiplini birlikte uygulanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0\u00dcretim i\u00e7in yeralt\u0131nda kaz\u0131, tahkimat,\u00a0ocaklardaki suyun tahliyesi, nakliyat, ula\u015f\u0131m\u00a0v.b. ihtiya\u00e7 ve tesisler i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan\u00a0\u00f6nemlidir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te olu\u015fan olumsuzluklar\u00a0i\u015f kazas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Yeralt\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u00a0kurallara uygun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 zorunludur.\u00a0Tek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hatas\u0131, di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131\u00a0risklerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Yeralt\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda meydana\u00a0gelen i\u015f kazalar\u0131 genellikle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n

a) Grizu patlamalar\u0131, toz patlamalar\u0131,
\nb)G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fckler, toprak kaymalar\u0131,
\nc) Ocak yang\u0131nlar\u0131,
\nd)Nakliyat s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki kazalar,
\ne) Ocak gazlar\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 zehirlenme,
\nf) Su bask\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer riskler<\/p>\n

Yer\u00fcst\u00fc Madencili\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yer\u00fcst\u00fc maden i\u015fletmelerinde; uygun\u00a0y\u00fckseklikte kademe \/ basamak olu\u015fturulmamas\u0131,\u00a0patlatma i\u015fleri gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda i\u015f\u00a0ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131,\u00a0heyelan ve toprak kaymas\u0131 gibi sebepler i\u015f\u00a0kazalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli risk kaynaklar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Madencilik Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde,\u00a0Faaliyet Alanlar\u0131na G\u00f6re Ya\u015fanan\u00a0Kazalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

SGK verilerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f kazas\u0131\u00a0sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden i\u015f\u00e7ilerin\u00a0%53,56\u2019s\u0131 \u201ck\u00f6m\u00fcr ve linyit \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d\u00a0faaliyet kolunda meydana gelmektedir. Yine\u00a0SKG kaza istatistiklerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0di\u011fer y\u00fcksek \u00f6l\u00fcm oranl\u0131 kazalar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131yla\u00a0ham petrol ve do\u011fal gaz \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131 i\u015flemleri,\u00a0metal cevheri i\u015fletmecili\u011fi, ta\u015f ocaklar\u0131\u00a0ve di\u011ferleri \u015feklinde s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.Meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucu s\u00fcrekli \u00a0i\u015f g\u00f6remezlikle \u2013maluliyet- sonu\u00e7lanan vakalar\u0131n\u00a0%87,8\u2019i bu i\u015f kolunda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.\u00a0(Anon, 2011)<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ya\u015fanan B\u00fcy\u00fck Maden\u00a0Kazalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olan maden kazalar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0%44\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fck, %34\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn grizu\u00a0patlamas\u0131, %14\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn yang\u0131n, % 4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00a0patlama, % 3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn gaz bo\u015fal\u0131m\u0131, % 1\u2019inin\u00a0di\u011fer (kaya d\u00fc\u015fmesi..vs), %1\u2019inin p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmesi\u00a0\u015feklinde oldu\u011funu bilinmektedir.\u00a0K\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sosyolojik, teknolojik boyutlar ele\u00a0al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; \u00fclkelerin kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k d\u00fczeyleri\u00a0ve de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, e\u011fitim seviyeleri\u00a0ve toplumsal sorumluluk bilincinin i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fmas\u0131nda\u00a0\u00f6nemli yer tuttu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak,\u00a0daha bireysel ve\/veya i\u015f bazl\u0131 nedenlere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki parametrelerin de i\u015f\u00a0kazalar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Karadon\u2019da 17 May\u0131s 2010\u2019da meydana\u00a0gelen ve 30 madencinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile sonu\u00e7lanan\u00a0grizu facias\u0131nda, ihmaller zinciri\u00a0oldu\u011fu bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131nda belirtilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Rapora g\u00f6re, olay g\u00fcn\u00fc 13.15\u2019ten, patlaman\u0131n\u00a0meydana geldi\u011fi 13.27\u2019ye kadar ge\u00e7en\u00a012 dakikada, ocaktaki metan gaz\u0131 oran\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0% 4\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde seyretti\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Son 12 dakikada, patlama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0\u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu bilindi\u011fi halde, Yap\u0131-Tek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na neden haber ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,\u00a0neden t\u00fcm ekipmanlar\u0131n durdurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, neden acil ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f plan\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir elbette\u00a0ki. Kamuoyuna yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle grizu\u00a0\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc yapan g\u00f6revdeki g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7isi\u00a0her iki personelin birinin fatura yat\u0131rmaya\u00a0gitti\u011fi, di\u011ferininse yerinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit\u00a0edilmi\u015ftir. Oysaki, spor m\u00fcsabakalar\u0131nda\u00a0dahi her bir oyuncunun yede\u011finin oldu\u011fu\u00a0bilinmektedir. Spordaki bu hassasiyetin i\u015f\u00a0hayat\u0131nda kutsal olan ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u00a0g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekirdi.<\/p>\n

Kahramanmara\u015f\u2019taki olaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0ise, kaza tarihinden 4 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce de ayn\u0131\u00a0yerde bir ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, 9 i\u015f\u00e7i de\u00a0yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bas\u0131nda yer alan haberlere g\u00f6re\u00a0yetkililerce kayb\u0131n bir \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0ve olay\u0131n ucuz atlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ifade madencilik\u00a0sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kazalara yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 net bir\u00a0\u015fekilde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Nitekim bu\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131klamadan 4 g\u00fcn sonra \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu m\u00fchendis\u00a0olan 10 ki\u015fi toprak alt\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131\u00a0yitirmi\u015f ve bu insanlar\u0131m\u0131za hala ula\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Bu olayda can kayb\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda\u00a0madendeki ekonomik kayb\u0131n ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0oldu\u011funu kamuoyunun dikkatine ayr\u0131ca\u00a0sunulur.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bilinmesi gereken;\u00a0madenlerin olu\u015fum \u015fekli, geometrisi ve\u00a0jeolojik ko\u015fullar\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, her\u00a0bir cevherle\u015fmenin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir \u00fcretim\u00a0y\u00f6ntemi s\u00f6z konusudur. Her bir \u00fcretim\u00a0y\u00f6nteminin se\u00e7imi ile teknolojisinin\u00a0uygulanabilirlik ko\u015fullar\u0131 ise \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011fi\u015fkenlere\u00a0ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenlerle, se\u00e7ilen\u00a0\u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemiyle uygulanan teknoloji d\u00fczeyi\u00a0de hem \u00fcretim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 belirler hem\u00a0de i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finin temelini olu\u015fturur.\u00a0Se\u00e7ilen \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak\u00a0\u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kabilecek en ciddi kaza t\u00fcrlerinin\u00a0ve en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinin \u00e7ok iyi ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131\/
\nincelenmesi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da\u00a0\u00f6nleyici\/d\u00fczeltici eylem planlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131\u00a0ve t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in\u00a0sistem yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n benimsenmesi gerekmektedir.\u00a0\u00d6zetle, t\u00fcm seviyedeki madencilerin\u00a0e\u011fitim ve bilin\u00e7 d\u00fczeyi ile maden i\u015fletmelerinin\u00a0y\u00f6netsel ve organizasyon yetene\u011fi\u00a0en \u00f6nemli unsurlardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6neriler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde ya\u015fanan maden kazalar\u0131na\u00a0bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, fark\u0131 ko\u015ful ve olu\u015fumlar s\u00f6z\u00a0konusudur. Uygulanan y\u00f6ntemler de, esas\u0131nda,\u00a0kendi ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7inde muhakkak ki\u00a0evrenseldir. Bu nedenle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kazalar\u0131n\u00a0\u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle \u00fcretim sistemlerinde\u00a0ve kazalar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131nda olaylara\u00a0bilimsel ve teknik yakla\u015f\u0131mlarla ve insan\u00a0unsuru etkisinin en aza indirecek y\u00f6ntemlerin
\nuygulan\u0131p uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 d\u00fczeydeki teknolojilerin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde\u00a0\u00fclkelerin sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel\u00a0unsurlarla beslenip beslenmedi\u011fi de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak\u00a0unsurlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan risklerin\u00a0\u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc prensibinden hareketle\u00a0madencilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde proaktif yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u00a0sergilenerek uygulanan teknoloji, metodoloji\u00a0ve i\u015fletim sistemlerinin iyile\u015ftirilmesi\u00a0\u00f6nerilerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, madenlerde sistem\u00a0yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsenerek organizasyonlar\u0131n\u00a0yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u00a0\u00e7er\u00e7evesinde koruma-\u00f6nleme tedbirlerine\u00a0\u00f6ncelik verilerek, acil durumlar\u0131n planlanmas\u0131\u00a0ve kurtarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ileriye\u00a0d\u00f6n\u00fck ciddi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u00a0y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in insan ve maddi kaynak\u00a0ayr\u0131lmas\u0131, ve en \u00f6nemlisi t\u00fcm seviyedeki\u00a0y\u00f6neticilerin i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sistemlerine\u00a0dahil edilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Hacer Kayhan, Dr. R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc U\u00e7an, H\u00fcseyin Arslan, \u015eule Sezgin Okan \u00dcniversitesi, Meslek<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":522,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67\/revisions\/522"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}