\u0130n\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen her yerinde en \u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc i\u015f kazas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sekt\u00f6rlerden biridir. ABD\u2019de i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn %5\u2019i in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, g\u00f6r\u00fclen i\u015f kazas\u0131 sonucu \u00f6lumlerin %15\u2019i in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne aittir. Japonya\u2019da ise i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn %10\u2019u in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta, oysa g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin %42\u2019si in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130statistiklerin de g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, en y\u00fcksek \u00f6lum oranlar\u0131, in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne aittir.<\/p>\n
\u0130n\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fclen i\u015f kazas\u0131 sonucu \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin %30\u2019u d\u00fc\u015fmelerden, %26\u2019s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma (y\u00fcksekten d\u00fc\u015fen nesneler) s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki kazalardan, %19\u2019u ise makinelerin aras\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmaktan ve \u00e7arpmalardan ve %18\u2019i elektrik \u00e7arpmas\u0131 gibi tehlikelere maruz kalmaktan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kimyasal Tehlikeler<\/strong><\/p>\n Kimyasal tehlikeler, genellikle hava yolu ile insanlara ula\u015f\u0131r. Dumanlar, sisler, bu\u011fular ve kokulardan kaynaklan\u0131r. Solumak yoluyla ya da deriye temas (organi solvanlar ve pesti sitler) yoluyla kimyasallar tehlike yarat\u0131r. Tabii bunlarla birlikte s\u0131v\u0131yar\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 kimyasallar (zamk, tutkal, yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, asfalt, katran) ve tozlar da (toz \u00e7imento) da tehlikeli olmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 s\u0131k g\u00f6rulen hastal\u0131klar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n Silikoz (silika i\u00e7eren tozlar\u0131n solunmas\u0131ndan ve temastan kaynaklanan bir hastal\u0131k) genellikle kum karanlar, kaya delme makinelerini kullananlar ve t\u00fcnel kazanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Asbestiz (asbest i\u00e7eren tozlar\u0131n solunmas\u0131nda kaynaklanan akci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131) asbest ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerde s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6rulur.<\/p>\n Bron\u015fit, kaynak\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rulur. Deri alerjileri, \u00e7imento ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ve duvar ustalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n N\u00f6rolojik (sinir sistemi) rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar, organik soldanlar ve kur\u015funla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler ve boyac\u0131larda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Akci\u011fer kanseri, asbestle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler, \u00e7at\u0131c\u0131lar, ah\u015fapla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ve kaynak\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda daha fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Kur\u015fun zehirlenmesi, k\u00f6pr\u00fc tamir i\u015f\u00e7ilerinde ve boyac\u0131larda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Beyaz Parmak ya da di\u011fer ad\u0131yla Raynaud Sendromu (dola\u015f\u0131m bozuklu\u011fundan kaynaklanan bir hastal\u0131k) titre\u015fimli (sars\u0131nt\u0131 yapan) makineleri kullanan i\u015f\u00e7ilerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Fiziksel Tehlikeler<\/strong><\/p>\n Fiziksel tehlikeler b\u00fct\u00fcn in\u015faat projelerinde vard\u0131r. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, s\u0131cak, so\u011fuk, radyasyon, vibrasyon ve baro metrik bas\u0131n\u00e7 bunlardan en \u00f6nemlileridir. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ger\u00e7ekten de in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lan makinelerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile \u00f6nemli tahribatlara yol a\u00e7maya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle binalar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan makineler, vin\u00e7ler, greyderler ve kep\u00e7eler sadece makineleri kullanan i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in de\u011fil, \u00e7evredeki i\u015f\u00e7iler ve di\u011fer insanlar i\u00e7in de i\u015fitme sorunlar\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130n\u015faat i\u015fleri do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi meteorolojik ko\u015fulara (d\u0131\u015f havaya) ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Havan\u0131n \u00e7ok so\u011fuk olmas\u0131 ya da havan\u0131n \u00e7ok s\u0131cak olmas\u0131 \u00f6zellikle in\u015faatta d\u0131\u015f ortamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli riskleri de beraberinde getirmektedir.<\/p>\n G\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7arpmalar\u0131, hipodermi, so\u011fuktan donmalar, tansiyon y\u00fckselmesi ve d\u00fc\u015fmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 baz\u0131 rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar d\u0131\u015f havaya sunuk kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n \u0130yonize olmayan mor \u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m (UV radyasyon) kaynaklar\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015f ve elektrikli kaynak makineleridir. Radyoaktif izotop kullanan ayg\u0131tlar da mor \u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131ma (iyonize UV radyasyonuna) sunuk kal\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 t\u00fcnellerin i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, dalg\u0131\u00e7lar ve derin sularda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar yuksek baro metrik bas\u0131nca maruz kalmaktad\u0131rlar. Dekompresyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, soy gaz narkozu ve aseptik nekroz (kanlanma azalmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 doku \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc) baro metrik bas\u0131nca ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen hastal\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/p>\n En \u00e7ok g\u00f6rulen rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar ise burkulmalar, ezilmeler ve morarmalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Biyolojik Tehlikeler<\/strong><\/p>\n Enfeksiyona neden olan mikro-organizmalar, zehirli maddeler ve y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 hayvanlar bu tehlikelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Hafriyat i\u015fiyle u\u011fra\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerde toprakta ya\u015fayan baz\u0131 mantarlar histoplazmoza (akci\u011fer enfeksiyonu) neden olmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok i\u015f\u00e7inin yan yana \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olmas\u0131 t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz, hepatit ve grip gibi bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131tma, ate\u015f ve Lame Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise \u00e7evredeki ha\u015ferelerin \u0131s\u0131rmas\u0131 sonucu bula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n Zehirlenmelerin bitkisel kaynaklar\u0131 ise zehirli sarma\u015f\u0131klar, \u0131s\u0131rgan otlar\u0131 ve zehirli me\u015feler olmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 tahta tozlar\u0131 karsinojendir (kansere neden olma). Bat\u0131 tipi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 sedir a\u011fac\u0131 ise alerjendir.<\/p>\n * \u0130n\u015faat Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0130n\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen her yerinde en \u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc i\u015f kazas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sekt\u00f6rlerden biridir. ABD\u2019de<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":415,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":264,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71\/revisions\/264"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}