{"id":90,"date":"2012-12-28T18:54:20","date_gmt":"2012-12-28T16:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2012\/12\/28\/kimya-sanayinde-isci-ve-cevre-sorumlulugu\/"},"modified":"2021-01-22T10:46:50","modified_gmt":"2021-01-22T07:46:50","slug":"kimya-sanayinde-isci-ve-cevre-sorumlulugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/2012\/12\/28\/kimya-sanayinde-isci-ve-cevre-sorumlulugu\/","title":{"rendered":"Kimya Sanayinde \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve \u00c7evre Sorumlulu\u011fu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sanayile\u015fmenin artmas\u0131, h\u0131zl\u0131 makinele\u015fme ve bunlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kimya sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fmesi i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konular\u0131nda problemler yaratm\u0131\u015f, sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn plans\u0131z ge li\u015fimiyle beraber \u00e7evresel at\u0131klar da i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit edici unsur haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kimya sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn temellerinin at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten bu yana, sanayile\u015fmenin buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ekonomilerin nas\u0131l h\u0131zla geli\u015fti\u011fine \u015fahit olmaktay\u0131z. \u00d6ncelikle, teknolojileri, beyin ve ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00fcksek olan \u00fclkelerden ba\u015flayan yap\u0131lanma, \u00fcretim teknolojileri, fabrikalar ve beraberinde geli\u015fen yan sanayinin kurulmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’de de devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kimya sanayilerinin geli\u015fmesi ile de\u011fi\u015fik sorunlar g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Bu sorunlar; i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, \u00e7evreye verilen zararlar, \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesi gibi temel konu lard\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n bedensel, ruhsal, sosyal iyilik durumlar\u0131n\u0131 en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye ula\u015ft\u0131rmak, i\u015f kazalar\u0131 ve meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan korumak i\u015fletmecilerin sorumluluklar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda, \u00e7evre kirlili\u011finden kaynaklanan problemlerin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdeyiz. Yasal y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler, sosyal bilincin artmas\u0131 ile sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda faaliyetler ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

End\u00fcstride Sa\u011fl\u0131k, \u00c7evre ve G\u00fcvenlik Y\u00f6netiminin Geli\u015ftirilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, teknolojik geli\u015fmeler sonucu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli konusu olmu\u015ftur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan ve \u00fcretim faaliyetlerinin en \u00f6nemli unsuru olan insan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n ve ortamlar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok \u015fey yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir risk i\u00e7ermeyen bir i\u015f ya da meslek yoktur.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc verilerine g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada her y\u0131l 250 milyondan fazla i\u015f kazas\u0131 meydana gelmektedir. \u0130\u015f yerlerindeki sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z durumlar ve zararl\u0131 maddelerle temas y\u00fcz\u00fcnden her y\u0131l 160 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i hastalanmakta, l-2 milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i de meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ya da i\u015f kazalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00f6lmektedir. Teknolojik geli\u015fmeler, \u00fcretim ve rekabetin artmas\u0131, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyen fakt\u00f6rleri art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n sorumsuzca t\u00fcketilmesi; hava, su ve topra\u011f\u0131n kirlenmesi, ozon tabakas\u0131n\u0131n incelmesi, iklim de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri gibi sorunlara yol a\u00e7arak \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyadaki en \u00f6nemli konu haline getirmi\u015ftir. Nitekim 1992’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen D\u00fcnya \u00c7evre Zirvesi\u2019nde de, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, g\u00fcvenli ve temiz bir i\u015f \u00e7evresi yaratman\u0131n evrensel bir ama\u00e7 oldu\u011fu belirtilerek; i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne aktif kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015f, bu husus b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerin programlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ortak bir ilke olarak benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00c7evre ile uyumlu olmayan \u00fcretim sistemleri; tehlikeli at\u0131klar\u0131n ve kimyasallar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak \u00e7evre \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 olu\u015fturmakta, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kapasitesinin azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Son y\u0131llara kadar i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 denildi\u011finde akla i\u015f kazas\u0131 ve meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi gelirken, bug\u00fcn ise i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek nitelikte \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile birlikte iyi bir ya\u015fam sa\u011flayamaya kadar geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi yaln\u0131zca teknik ve bilimsel bir disiplin olmay\u0131p k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gerektirmektedir. \u0130\u015fyeri sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ise uzmanlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc dikte et- tirmesi ile de\u011fil, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarla tart\u0131\u015farak birlikte \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc bulmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir. Devlet yetkilileri tek ba\u015f\u0131na sanayinin, \u00e7evre ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkilerini ilgili t\u00fcm taraftan memnun edecek d\u00fczeyde denetleyemezler. Bu nedenle, i\u015fverenler, y\u00f6netim, is\u00e7iler ve sendikalar olmak \u00fczere ilgili t\u00fcm taraftar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fletmeler ise sa\u011fl\u0131k, \u00e7evre, g\u00fcvenlik y\u00f6netiminin geli\u015ftirilmesine i\u015flerlik kazand\u0131rabile- ceklerini g\u00f6sterecek bi\u00e7imde, kendi kendilerini d\u00fczenlemeli ve denetlemelidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilecekleri bir ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 konuyu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak gerekir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Birinci konu, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda bulunan yeni uluslararas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlardan yararlanmak. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc Avrupa B\u00f6lge Ofisi’nce i\u015fyerlerinde Sa\u011fl\u0131k, \u00c7evre ve G\u00fcvenlik Y\u00f6netimi konusunda uluslararas\u0131 bir program ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bu uluslararas\u0131 program; isletmelerde, sa\u011fl\u0131k, \u00e7evre ve g\u00fcvenlik y\u00f6netiminin iyi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik teknik, ekonomik ve y\u00f6netsel y\u00f6ntemleri kapsar. Hedefi, i\u015fletmelerin ve yerel topluluklar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma do\u011frultusunda kendi kendini d\u00fczenleyen katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc eylemlerini ba\u015flatmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u2022 \u0130kinci konu ise, i\u015fyerlerindeki problemlere nas\u0131l esnek olarak yakla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen son geli\u015fmeleri takip etmektir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak da uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kavram\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015funda sanayile\u015fmenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 fabrika tipi \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci ile ekonomik ve hukuki y\u00f6nden bir i\u015fverene ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131, \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan is\u00e7i kitlesi \u00f6nemli bir etken olmu\u015ftur. S\u00f6z konusu y\u0131llarda i\u015f kazas\u0131 ve meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00fczerinde gelir kesintisi eklinde sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan\u00a0 i\u015fyerinde sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve emniyetli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. Zira 1942’lerin Almanya\u2019s\u0131nda asgari 12 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir i\u015f\u00e7inin g\u00fcnl\u00fck yevmiyesi cezaevindeki mahkumlar\u0131n istihkaklar\u0131ndan daha azd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130s\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n bedensel, ruhsal ve toplumsal sa\u011fl\u0131k ve refahlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcst seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu durumun korunmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yaralanmalara ve kazaya maruz b\u0131rakacak risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin \u00f6nlenmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n bedensel ve ruhsal \u00f6zelliklerine uygun islere yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve sonu\u00e7 olarak i\u015f g\u00f6renlere bedensel ve ruhsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun bir i\u015f \u00e7evresi yaratmas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda devlet, i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fverenlerin hak ve sorumluluklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcye uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar, demokratik kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, \u00fcniversiteler ve meslek odalar\u0131 da kat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda mevzuat yapma ve denetleme g\u00f6revinden ba\u015fka bu konudaki bilimsel ve teknolojik geli\u015fmelerin takibi ve e\u011fitimi devletin g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesinde devlet, i\u015fveren i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 sorumluluklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n

Devlet \u015fu \u00f6nlemleri alabilir,<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Mevzuatta gerekli d\u00fczenlemeleri yapmak ve mevzuata dinamik bir yap\u0131 sa\u011flamak,<\/p>\n

2. G\u00fcvenlik ve sa\u011fl\u0131k standartlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak,<\/p>\n

3. Okullarda \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d ile ilgili dersler konulmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

4. Kontrol ve tefti\u015fler gere\u011fi gibi yap\u0131lmal\u0131, m\u00fcfetti\u015flerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse belli i\u015f kollar\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fverenler;<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Mevzuat\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinde devlete yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. \u0130\u015fe almada ise giri\u015f, sa\u011fl\u0131k muayeneleri gerekli \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmal\u0131, is\u00e7iler kendilerine uygun olan i\u015flere yerle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

3. Yasal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerine uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a04. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlara kulland\u0131klar\u0131 makineler hakk\u0131nda teorik ve pratik e\u011fitimler verilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler;<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7evre hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

2. Makine ve aletleri talimatlara uygun kullanmalar\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>\n

3. \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken i\u015fi hafife almamal\u0131, kendilerine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcvenip, tedbiri elden b\u0131rakmamal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Anayasam\u0131zda konu ile ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli maddeler bulunmaktad\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n

Madde 19. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devidir.<\/p>\n

Madde 50. Kimse yas\u0131na, cinsiyetine ve g\u00fcc\u00fcne uymayan islerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Dinlenmek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hakk\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Madde 56. Herkes sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve dengeli bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Madde 60. Herkes sosyal g\u00fcvenlik hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131labilecekler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Ki\u015finin uygun i\u015fe yerle\u015ftirilmesi,<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130\u015fyerinde bulunan risklerin saptanmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130\u015fyeri risklerinin kontrol\u00fc,<\/p>\n

\u2022 Risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin kontrol\u00fc,<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130\u015fyerinde sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti verilmesi,<\/p>\n

\u2022 Sa\u011fl\u0131k e\u011fitimi (ilk yard\u0131m gibi)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sanayile\u015fmenin artmas\u0131, h\u0131zl\u0131 makinele\u015fme ve bunlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kimya sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fmesi i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":284,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90\/revisions\/284"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.istesaglikdergisi.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}